我国耕地生态补偿法律机制研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 11:30

本文关键词： 生态补偿耕地补偿生态价值法律机制　出处：《东华理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：耕地是土地的精华,不但是珍稀的自然资源,更是重要的环境因子。温家宝总理曾经指出:“发达国家管理保护土地资源,已经跨过了数量管护、质量管护两个阶段,正向生态环境管护的更高层次发展,而我国的耕地数量管护还处在初级阶段”。长期以来,市场经济体制下的资源与产业的利益最大化让人们片面追求土地资源的经济价值与社会价值,而忽视了土地资源调节气候、涵养水源、净化空气、维护生物多样性等生态价值。耕地的直接使用者----农业生产者的权利与义务的严重不对称,使得耕地污染加剧、肥力下滑、数量锐减并引发了一系列诸如农产品质量安全、土地撂荒等消极链式反应。穷尽传统行政手段已经不能根治耕地生态问题,对耕地进行全方位的保护迫在眉睫,而实现耕地质与量保护并重,维护耕地生态服务系统,耕地生态补偿法律机制的建构是其重要路径之一。本文从生态补偿角度出发,结合国内外已有的耕地生态补偿理论和实践,对我国耕地生态补偿的概念、基础理论,存在问题,进行了全面、深入地探讨和分析,以推动我国耕地生态补偿法律机制的构建,使耕地生态补偿法律机制成为我国耕地保护的一道坚实的法律屏障。全文共分五部分:第一章引言。主要阐述本文研究背景、目的和意义,阐明研究创新与不足之处。第二章耕地生态补偿内涵、法律关系及基础理论。主要是从环境法层面对生态补偿和耕地生态补偿的概念提出自己的见解,分析了耕地生态补偿机制中的法律关系。并运用生态学中的生态服务功能理论,环境经济学中的外部性理论、公共物品理论及可持续发展理论等相关学科理论对耕地生态补偿进行分析,进而探讨我国耕地生态补偿法律机制的建构提供路径选择。第三章对耕地生态补偿法律机制确立的必要性分点进行了阐述。第四章我国耕地生态补偿政策法规和实践进展。该章对我国现有政策法规中涉及耕地生态补偿的规定进行归纳梳理,并列举了耕地生态补偿的现行实践情况,最后指出耕地生态补偿政策法规和实践的不足。第五章国外耕地生态补偿经验及启示。文章重点论述了美国及欧盟的耕地生态补偿机制,并且借鉴了国外先进经验。第六章我国耕地生态补偿法律机制建构。在前文分析的基础上,对构建耕地生态补偿法律机制提出建议,包括明确耕地生态补偿机制构建的定位,具体的制度设计及相关配套制度的完善,以期实现人与耕地的可持续发展。结语主要是归纳阐述论文的主要研究结论、研究体会、以及需要进一步研究的方向。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the essence of land, is not only a rare natural resources, but also an important environmental factor. Premier Wen Jiabao once pointed out: "developed countries have managed and protected land resources, over the number of conservation." The two stages of quality management and protection are developing to a higher level of ecological environment management, while the quantity management of cultivated land in our country is still in the primary stage. Under the market economy system, the maximization of resources and industry benefits makes people pursue the economic value and social value of land resources one-sidedly, but ignore the land resources to regulate the climate, conserve water sources and purify the air. Maintaining ecological value such as biodiversity. The direct users of cultivated land, the serious asymmetry of the rights and obligations of agricultural producers, make the cultivated land pollution intensifies and fertility decline. A series of negative chain reactions, such as the quality and safety of agricultural products, land abandonment and so on, have been caused by the sharp decrease in quantity. The traditional administrative means can no longer cure the ecological problem of cultivated land, so it is urgent to protect the cultivated land in all directions. The construction of the legal mechanism of farmland ecological compensation is one of the important ways to realize the equal emphasis of cultivated land geology and quantity protection, to maintain the cultivated land ecological service system, and to construct the legal mechanism of cultivated land ecological compensation. This paper starts from the angle of ecological compensation. Based on the theory and practice of ecological compensation of cultivated land at home and abroad, the concept, basic theory and existing problems of ecological compensation of cultivated land in China are discussed and analyzed thoroughly. In order to promote the construction of ecological compensation legal mechanism of cultivated land in China. Make the legal mechanism of cultivated land ecological compensation become a solid legal barrier for the protection of cultivated land in China. The full text is divided into five parts: the first chapter, the introduction, mainly describes the research background, purpose and significance of this paper. The second chapter is the connotation of ecological compensation of cultivated land, legal relationship and basic theory. It mainly puts forward his own views on the concept of ecological compensation and ecological compensation of cultivated land from the level of environmental law. This paper analyzes the legal relationship in the ecological compensation mechanism of cultivated land, and applies the ecological service function theory in ecology and the externality theory in environmental economics. The theory of public goods and the theory of sustainable development are used to analyze the ecological compensation of cultivated land. The third chapter expatiates on the necessity of establishing the legal mechanism of cultivated land ecological compensation. Chapter 4th discusses the policies and regulations of cultivated land ecological compensation in China. This chapter summarizes and combs the existing policies and regulations of our country concerning the ecological compensation of cultivated land. And listed the current practice of ecological compensation of cultivated land. Finally, it points out the deficiency of the policy, regulation and practice of cultivated land ecological compensation. Chapter 5th, the experience and inspiration of foreign cultivated land ecological compensation. The article mainly discusses the cultivated land ecological compensation mechanism of the United States and European Union. And learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries. 6th chapter of our country cultivated land ecological compensation legal mechanism construction. On the basis of the previous analysis of the construction of cultivated land ecological compensation legal mechanism put forward suggestions. Including the establishment of clear ecological compensation mechanism of arable land positioning, specific system design and the improvement of relevant supporting systems. In order to realize the sustainable development of human and cultivated land, the conclusion is mainly to summarize the main research conclusions, research experience, and need to further research direction.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

【相似文献】