我国优势矿产资源保障立法研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 18:14

本文关键词： 矿产资源优势矿产资源保障资源立法制度完善　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：优势矿产资源是指在一国或地区主权范围内,具备较大储量和较高品质的资源禀赋优势、产量和出口量占世界总产量和贸易量的较大比重、国际市场对其存在较高依存度的具有战略意义的矿产资源。不同于战略矿产和急缺矿产,对优势矿产资源的界定主要是从经济利益角度进行,并且更多的是从一国的资源禀赋比较优势以及该种矿产在国际贸易中所处的地位角度上着眼,而无论是战略矿产还是急缺矿产都是站在国家安全的角度上讨论的,只是程度不同而已。有鉴于优势矿产资源对国民经济的重要战略意义,有必要对其进行专门的立法保障。公认的我国优势矿产资源包括钨、锡、锑、钼和稀土。长期以来,我国优势矿产资源开发利用缺乏全国统一的规划指导,行业准入门槛过低,产业结构不合理,滥采乱挖、资源浪费现象严重,开采技术落后,矿产品定价机制不合理,禀赋优势很难转化为经济优势。我国当前的优势矿产资源法律规制体系主要以现行《矿产资源法》为主体,配套以大量的部门规章。现行《矿产资源法》于上世纪80年代制定,90年代修改,在当时计划经济体制还处于主导地位的背景下,有许多法律条文具有明显的局限性,已经不再适应我国发展社会主义市场经济的需要,亟需对其进行修改与完善。我国矿政管理主体较多,各部门都依据本部门的情况分别制定了不同的管理优势矿业秩序的部门规章,导致法出多门,难以协调,责权利划分不够清晰,部门权力重叠、冲突现象较为严重,矿业行政管理效率低下,难以达到法律规范制定的目的。同时,部门规章的效力层级较低,虽然其中一部分法律规范比较适应我国当前的管理需要,但由于上位法的滞后,导致了现实中法律适用上的不协调,效果不彰。因此,为完善我国优势矿产资源法律规制体系,需要对现行《矿产资源法》进行修改,明确优势矿产资源的战略地位,确立矿产资源可持续利用的原则并完善矿产资源有偿使用制度。同时,要制定效力层级较高的统一的《优势矿产资源保护条例》,宣示立法的目的与任务,确立保护和合理利用优势矿产资源的相关法律原则,建立科学合理的管理体制和具体的法律制度。最后,通过制定其他相关的配套法律文件,在科学发展观、可持续发展理念的指引下,建立具有中国特色的社会主义和谐矿业秩序。
[Abstract]:Superior mineral resources refer to a country or region within the scope of sovereignty, with large reserves and higher quality of resource endowment advantage, production and export volume of the world's total output and trade a large proportion. The international market has a high degree of dependence on the existence of strategic mineral resources. Different from strategic minerals and desperate mineral resources, the definition of dominant mineral resources is mainly from the perspective of economic interests. And more from the comparative advantage of a country's natural resources and the status of the mineral in international trade. However, both strategic mineral resources and desperate mineral resources are discussed from the point of view of national security, only to a different extent, in view of the important strategic significance of superior mineral resources to the national economy. It is necessary to carry on the special legislation safeguard to it. The recognized dominant mineral resources in China include tungsten, tin, antimony, molybdenum and rare earths. For a long time, the development and utilization of China's dominant mineral resources lack of unified planning guidance, and the industry entry barriers are too low. The industrial structure is unreasonable, the mining is indiscriminate, the waste of resources is serious, the mining technology is backward, and the pricing mechanism of mineral products is unreasonable. Endowment advantage is difficult to be transformed into economic advantage. The main body of our country's current legal regulation system of superior mineral resources is "Mineral Resources Law". In -20s, the current "Mineral Resources Law" was formulated and revised in the 1990s. At that time, the planned economy system was still in the dominant position. There are many legal provisions with obvious limitations, no longer meet the needs of the development of socialist market economy in China, it needs to be revised and improved. According to the situation of this department, each department has made different departmental regulations of mining order of management advantage, which leads to many laws, difficult to coordinate, not clear division of responsibility and power, overlapping of departmental powers. The phenomenon of conflict is serious, the efficiency of mining administration is low, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of making laws and regulations. At the same time, the level of effectiveness of department regulations is low. Although some of the legal norms are more suitable for the current management needs of our country, the lag of the upper law leads to the disharmony of the application of the law in reality and the lack of the effect. Therefore, in order to perfect the legal regulation system of China's superior mineral resources, it is necessary to modify the current "Mineral Resources Law" and make clear the strategic position of superior mineral resources. We should establish the principle of sustainable utilization of mineral resources and perfect the system of compensated use of mineral resources. At the same time, we should formulate a unified "regulations on the Protection of dominant Mineral Resources" at a higher level of effectiveness, and declare the purpose and task of legislation. Establish the protection and rational use of the advantages of mineral resources of the relevant legal principles, establish a scientific and reasonable management system and specific legal system. Finally, through the formulation of other relevant supporting legal documents, in the scientific concept of development. Under the guidance of the concept of sustainable development, the socialist harmonious mining order with Chinese characteristics is established.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.66;F426.1

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