中国濒危物种保护立法研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 07:19

本文关键词： 濒危物种保护名录立法研究　出处：《中国海洋大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：濒危物种保护法律制度现在是我国环境法学领域理论研究的热点。我国是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一,依法保护好濒危物种对保护生物多样性、改善生态环境、维护生态平衡、推动科技进步、维护国家形象和声誉,具有十分重要的意义。由于经济的发展和社会的认知程度不够,我们始终缺乏一种立法精神和立法勇气——将濒危物种作为独立客体纳入到国家环境保护法律体系中。面对日渐消亡的濒危物种,人类急需采取有力的措施来保护和保存濒危物种及其基因。而物种的保护却是一个复杂的工程,它涉及到多方面的内容,需要运用多种手段进行调控,其中法律手段是濒危物种保护最为重要、最为有效的手段之一。虽然我国已经出台了一些濒危物种保护的法律规范,也在保护濒危物种过程中发挥了一定作用。但是,我国濒危物种正在加速灭亡却是一个不争的事实。自1989年制定《野生动物保护法》以来,濒危动物的保护才算有了法律体系支撑,并且该法一定程度上保护了现存于世的大量濒危动物。但是,近二十年的时间,我们不难发现经济发展与濒危物种法律保护之间的矛盾日益突出,《野生动物保护法》的规定很难体现当今的时代需求,有许多亟待完善之处；在濒危植物保护方面,1997年出台了一部保护野生植物的行政法规《野生植物保护条例》。但条例只是行政法规,仅仅依靠《野生植物保护条例》来控制和管理同样既不利于濒危植物物种的保护,也不能适应现在社会的发展趋势,在实际贯彻和执行中,起不到应有的震慑作用。濒危物种作为生物多样性的重要组成部分,不仅承载着生命发展延续的无尽秘密,也作为生态系统和整个人类不可或缺的精神及物质财富而存在。我们无论从政治路线还是立法意图都一再强调中国特色,但是濒危物种的保护问题是一个最没有特色的问题。在全球化已经到来的时候,它已经跃先成为了各个国家、组织以及有法律意识的公民所普遍关心的全球化问题。为此我国在濒危物种保护的立法上,首先应该明确濒危物种的法律定义,定义如果出现错误,那么保护对象的范围与立法的初衷就会大相径庭。第二,立足中国国情、放眼世界,更多地学习和借鉴国外的先进经验,制定一套完善又适合中国国情的法律法规体系。但有一点需要明确——立足国情的含义,并不是自我妥协,而是自我完善的过程。第三,濒危物种的种种特征表明作为生物多样性中体现物种多样性的实体,它无论在立法规制还是法律执行上相对于生态系统多样性和基因多样性的保护都具有明显优势。第四,对于濒危物种资源的保护,应尽快由全国人民代表大会或者常务委员会制定一部《濒危物种保护法》,将其置于该领域各单行法律、法规之上,专门管理濒危物种资源。濒危物种保护法通过调整社会关系,以协调保护与利用的关系,从而实现对于濒危物种资源的可持续利用。该法应以可持续发展理念为指导,以法律形式明确规定珍稀濒危野生生物保护的目的、基本原则、基本制度,明确各级、各行业机构权限及管理分工、管理程序,加大对违法者的制裁。此外,还应强化濒危物种名录的法律地位,加强公众参与的法律地位和相应权利义务的规定。
[Abstract]:The legal system of protection of endangered species in China is now a hot research field theory of environmental law. China is one of the world's most biodiverse countries to protect endangered species to protect biodiversity, improve the ecological environment, maintain ecological balance, promote the progress of science and technology, the maintenance of national image and reputation is very important due to significance. The economic development and social awareness is not enough, we still lack of a legislative intent and courage will be endangered species as an independent object into the national environmental protection legal system. In the face of the extinction of endangered species, human beings need to take effective measures to protect and preserve the endangered species and its protection is gene. The species is a complex project, it involves many aspects, need to use various means of regulation, the legal means are endangered species For the protection of the most important, one of the most effective means. Although China has promulgated a number of endangered species protection laws and regulations, but also play a certain role in the protection of endangered species. However, the endangered species in China is accelerating the destruction is an indisputable fact. Since 1989 to develop "wild animal protection law, protection of endangered animal to have legal support system, and a large number of endangered animal species exist in the world of the law to a certain extent. However, in the past twenty years, we find that the contradiction between economic development and legal protection of endangered species have become increasingly prominent," wild animal protection law "it is difficult to reflect the needs of today's era, there are many aspects to perfect the protection of endangered plants; in 1997, introduced a wild plant protection regulations" Regulations on the protection of wild plants. But the only line The rule and regulation of politics and law only rely on the regulation and management of wild plants protection. It is also not conducive to the protection of endangered plant species, nor to the current social development trend. It cannot play a deterrent role in the actual implementation and implementation.
Endangered species as an important part of biodiversity, not only carrying the continuation of the endless life secret, as well as the spiritual and material wealth indispensable ecosystems and the human being. We are both from the political or legislative intent has repeatedly emphasized that the Chinese characteristics, but the protection of endangered species is not one of the most characteristic the problems coming with the globalization, it has become the first step in various countries, globalization issues of concern and legal consciousness of citizens in our country. This endangered species protection legislation, should first clear the legal definition of endangered species, if the definition of an error, then the scope of protection and legislation the intention will be quite different. Second, based on the Chinese conditions, more advanced experience have the whole world in view, and learn from abroad, for a Good and suitable for the situation of Chinese legal system. But it needs clear meaning -- Based on the national conditions, and not self compromise, but the process of self-improvement. Third, various features of endangered species showed that as the embodiment of biological diversity, species diversity and its protection entity, genetic diversity, ecosystem diversity it has obvious advantages in terms of legislation or regulations. Compared to fourth, for the protection of endangered species resources, should as soon as possible by the National People's Congress or the Standing Committee to formulate a "endangered species protection law >, above will be placed in the field of specific laws, regulations, specialized management of endangered species resources.
The endangered species protection act through the adjustment of social relations, to coordinate the relationship between protection and utilization, so as to realize the sustainable use of endangered species resources. The law should be guided by the concept of sustainable development, defined in the legal form of endangered wildlife protection purposes, basic principle, basic system, clear levels, various organizations authority and the management division, management procedures, increase offender sanctions. In addition, it should strengthen the legal status of the endangered species list, the provision of legal status of public participation and the corresponding rights and obligations.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.68

【引证文献】