中国环境行政执法研究

发布时间：2018-02-04 17:43

本文关键词： 环境保护环境行政执法执法手段执法力度监督和责任机制　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 目前中国经济正处在高速发展时期,在经济社会各方面取得举世瞩目成就的同时,经济增长的资源环境代价过大已是不争事实。环境问题己经成为制约中国经济进一步发展的瓶颈问题。如何有效地解决环境问题,正确处理经济发展与环境保护的关系,是中国政府面临的重大课题。近年来,中国政府对环境问题越来越重视,已经将环境保护提高到与经济发展同等重要的战略地位,环境保护已经成为我国的一项基本国策。但是,我国严峻的环境形势仍未得到根本性的改观,环境执法工作依然举步维艰,收效甚微,如何加强和改进环境执法工作成为每个关心环境问题的学者所必须思考和关注的话题。笔者从环境行政执法环节这一视角出发,通过对于福建仙游血铅污染案件的分析,讨论了环境行政执法不力的原因所在,即第一、环境执法手段不充分;执法者不能正确的认识守法者不愿意守法的原因所在,只是机械的执行法律法规,忽视了环境保护和经济利益之间的冲突才是造成环境问题的根源。第二、行政执法强制力度不大,法律执行力度薄弱,执法不严,第三、缺乏执法监督与责任机制,对于执行难和阻力大的环境执法,执法者总是怠于履行执行职责,或者不完全执行环境保护法律法规。作为职权一方而言,这种不履行如果不产生重大的责任,就会造成环境保机关对于该执行睁一只眼闭一只眼,这也是造成环境行政执法不利的原因之一。本文对环境行政执法手段,执法力度和监督责任机制三方面的原因分别进行了论述。在执法手段方面,笔者通过介绍环境行政执法手段的发展沿革以及国外发达国家和发展中国家环境执法的实践经验,联系我国环境执法手段的现状问题,提出我国环境执法手段的改革和发展方向;在环境行政执法力度方面,通过分析环境行政执法力度是影响环境污染的主要可变因素表明环境执法力度研究的重要作用。讨论环境执法力度目前存在的问题,分析原因和确定环境执法力度应该参考的因素,提出加强环境执法力度的办法;在环境行政监督和责任机制方面,介绍了健全监督和责任机制的必要性,提出一些完善监督和责任机制的办法。
[Abstract]:At present, China's economy is in a period of rapid development, in all aspects of economic and social achievements have attracted worldwide attention at the same time. It is an indisputable fact that the resource and environment cost of economic growth is too high. The environmental problem has become the bottleneck problem that restricts the further development of Chinese economy. How to solve the environmental problem effectively. Correctly handling the relationship between economic development and environmental protection is a major issue facing the Chinese Government, which has been paying more and more attention to environmental issues in recent years. Environmental protection has been raised to a strategic position as important as economic development, and environmental protection has become a basic national policy of our country. However, the severe environmental situation in China has not been fundamentally improved. The environmental law enforcement work is still difficult and has little effect. How to strengthen and improve the environmental law enforcement work has become a topic that every scholar concerned about environmental issues must think about and pay attention to. From the point of view of environmental administrative law enforcement, through the analysis of Xianyou blood lead pollution case in Fujian Province, the author discusses the reasons for the ineffectiveness of environmental administrative law enforcement, that is, first, the environmental law enforcement means are not sufficient; Law enforcers can not correctly understand the reason why law-abiding people are unwilling to abide by the law, but mechanical enforcement of laws and regulations, ignoring the conflict between environmental protection and economic interests is the root cause of environmental problems. Enforcement of administrative law enforcement is not strong, the enforcement of the law is weak, lax enforcement, third, lack of law enforcement supervision and responsibility mechanism, for the implementation of the difficult and resistance of the environmental law enforcement, the law enforcement is always lazy to perform executive duties. Or not fully implement the environmental protection laws and regulations. As a party to the authority, this failure to perform if it does not have a major responsibility, will cause the environmental protection agencies to turn a blind eye to the implementation. This is also one of the causes of unfavorable environmental administrative law enforcement. In this paper, the environmental administrative law enforcement means, law enforcement strength and supervision responsibility mechanism are discussed respectively in the law enforcement means. By introducing the development and evolution of environmental administrative law enforcement means and the practical experience of developed and developing countries in foreign countries, the author contacts the current situation of environmental law enforcement means in China. The reform and development direction of environmental law enforcement in China are put forward. In the aspect of environmental administrative law enforcement, the analysis of environmental administrative law enforcement is the main variable factor affecting environmental pollution, which indicates the important role of environmental law enforcement research, and discusses the existing problems of environmental law enforcement. Analyzing the reasons and determining the factors that should be referred to in environmental law enforcement, and putting forward the methods of strengthening environmental law enforcement; In the aspect of environmental administrative supervision and responsibility mechanism, this paper introduces the necessity of perfecting supervision and responsibility mechanism, and puts forward some methods to perfect supervision and responsibility mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.68;D925

【引证文献】