我国风能开发利用中的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 22:02

本文选题：风能　切入点：政府主导　出处：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 能源、经济、环境之间的关系是我国可持续发展必然面临的问题,而其中最关键的问题就是能源的使用在促进经济发展的同时,能否保持环境不被破坏。目前,我国面临着能源结构不尽合理,能源利用效率低下,能源安全保障程度较差,能源与资源、环境和社会发展的矛盾日益突出,以及能源管理体制亟待理顺等一系列问题。我国以煤为主的能源结构也将带来严重的大气污染。所以,以化石燃料作为能源消耗主体的能源结构日益显示出缺陷,发展风能等可再生能源能够优化能源结构,缓解环境压力,从而可以实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一,促进可持续发展。 2005年2月28日在第十届全国人大常委会第14次会议通过的《可再生能源法》是促进可再生能源的开发利用,增加能源供应,改善能源结构,保障能源安全,保护环境,实现经济社会的可持续发展的基本法律。该法确立了我国发展风能的一些重要的法律制度,包括：总量目标制度、上网电价与费用分摊制度、专项资金和税收、信贷鼓励措施和并网发电审批和全额收购制度等。其他法律法规也规定了一系列风能开发利用的制度措施。我国现有的《可再生能源法》在立法原则和基本法律制度设计方面是紧跟国际潮流的,反映了国际风能开发利用的基本制度方向。但是,我国《可再生能源法》并非完美,在风能开发利用制度存在着以下问题：一是政府主导作用的发挥有待改进；二是缺乏一套体现市场机制的资金融通制度；三是风能开发利用资金管理、利用和监督方面存在缺陷；四是总量目标制度的不足为此,本文提出了完善我国风能开发利用相关制度的建议,包括：一是完善我国风能开发利用制度的原则。包括政府主导原则；市场调控原则；公众参与原则等。二是完善风能开发利用中的政府角色定位。其基本方向就是三个结合：政府责任与公众参与相结合；政府主导与市场调控相结合；当前发展与长远规划相结合。三是完善风能开发利用融资制度。依据“谁污染谁负担”的原则,打破单纯依靠政府投资的传统方式,从消费者入手进行风能发展融资,从而建立起一种多元化的风能资金融通制度体系。四是风能开发利用资金管理、使用和监督制度的改进。应设立独立的管理部门,或由政府投资设立一个以企业模式运作的独立公司来进行管理。在使用制度上,在风能发展的不同时期,资金使用方式应该是一个从划拨到逐步扩大市场化手段的渐进过程。在监督制度中,我国的做法应该是由政府主导监督,同时吸收其他主体进行广泛的参与,设立一种资金的社会化监督机制。五是总量目标制度的完善。我国应明确规定风能发展总量目标,并严格许可标准,加强对供电企业履行义务行为的监督。
[Abstract]:The relationship among energy, economy and environment is an inevitable problem for the sustainable development of our country, and the most crucial question is whether the use of energy can keep the environment intact while promoting economic development. At present, Our country is faced with unreasonable energy structure, low efficiency of energy use, poor degree of energy security, contradiction between energy and resources, environment and social development. A series of problems such as energy management system need to be straightened out urgently. The energy structure based on coal in China will also bring serious air pollution. Therefore, the energy structure with fossil fuels as the main energy consuming body has increasingly shown its defects. The development of renewable energy, such as wind energy, can optimize the energy structure, relieve environmental pressure, realize the unification of economic, social and environmental benefits, and promote sustainable development. The Law on Renewable Energy, adopted at the 14th meeting of the standing Committee of the 10th National people's Congress in February 28th 2005, is to promote the development and utilization of renewable energy, increase energy supply, improve energy structure, safeguard energy security and protect the environment. This law establishes some important legal systems for the development of wind energy in our country, including: total volume target system, electricity price and expense sharing system, special fund and tax, Credit incentives, grid-connected power generation approval and full acquisition systems, etc. Other laws and regulations also set out a series of wind energy development and utilization of institutional measures. The existing Law on Renewable Energy in China follows the international trend in the legislative principles and the design of the basic legal system, which reflects the basic system direction of the international wind energy development and utilization. However, the Renewable Energy Law of China is not perfect. The following problems exist in the system of wind energy development and utilization: first, the play of the leading role of the government needs to be improved; second, there is a lack of a fund financing system that embodies the market mechanism; third, the capital management for the development and utilization of wind energy. There are defects in utilization and supervision; fourth, the deficiency of the total target system. Therefore, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the system of wind energy development and utilization in China, including:. First, the principles of perfecting the system of wind energy exploitation and utilization in China, including the principle of government leading, the principle of market regulation and control, the principle of public participation and so on. The second is to perfect the role of the government in the development and utilization of wind energy. Its basic direction is the combination of government responsibility and public participation; the combination of government leadership and market regulation; and the combination of current development and long-term planning. Third, improve the financing system for wind energy development and utilization. According to the principle of "who pollutes who pays," break the traditional way of relying solely on government investment, and start with consumers to carry out wind energy development financing. In order to establish a diversified system of wind energy financing system. Fourth, the improvement of the management, use and supervision system of wind energy development and utilization funds. An independent management department should be set up, or an independent company operating in an enterprise model should be invested by the government to manage it. In terms of the use system, In different periods of wind energy development, the use of funds should be a gradual process from allocation to gradual expansion of market-oriented means. In the supervisory system, the practice in our country should be supervised by the government. At the same time, absorb other main body to carry on extensive participation, set up a kind of social supervision mechanism of capital. The fifth is the perfection of the gross target system. Our country should clearly stipulate the total wind energy development target and strictly enforce the licensing standards and strengthen the supervision of the power supply enterprises to fulfill their obligations.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.67

【引证文献】