区域大气污染侵权救济的法理难题及其解决建议

发布时间：2018-03-18 00:34

本文选题：雾霾　切入点：污染　出处：《法学杂志》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：因为雾霾频发,最近几年发生了针对企业和地方政府的环境损害侵权诉讼。基于点源污染损害的救济规则能否适用于区域大气污染损害救济,目前存在法理上的争议。《侵权责任法》对于区域性大气污染损害的救济没有作出规范上的回应,建议设立对区域大气污染受害者的行政补偿机制。由于起诉特定的违法企业要求其承担区域侵权赔偿责任有难度,建议修改立法,扩大环境侵权责任适用范围,让区域大气治理变成各方面的义务,并把环境成本内化于各行各领域。区域大气污染损害应属于特殊的共同侵权,但是《侵权责任法》对此并未认可,建议用政府补偿的方式予以解决。区域之间大气污染侵权责任的追究,应遵循共同但有区别责任原则,拓展适用基于点源的无过错责任原则和因果关系间接反证原则。大气污染民事公益诉讼的责任形式建议仅限于停止侵权等行为责任,让公益诉讼回归本意。
[Abstract]:Due to the frequent occurrence of haze, in recent years, there have been environmental damage infringement lawsuits against enterprises and local governments. Can the relief rules based on point source pollution damage be applied to regional air pollution damage relief? At present, there is a legal dispute. The Tort liability Law has not made a normative response to the relief of regional air pollution damage. It is suggested that the administrative compensation mechanism should be established for the victims of regional air pollution. Because it is difficult to prosecute specific illegal enterprises to assume the regional tort liability, it is suggested that the legislation should be amended to expand the scope of application of environmental tort liability. Making regional atmospheric governance an obligation for all parties and internalizing environmental costs in all fields. Regional air pollution damage should be a special joint tort, but the Tort liability Law does not recognize this. It is suggested that government compensation should be used to solve the problem. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities should be followed in investigating the liability for air pollution infringement between regions. The principle of no-fault liability based on point source and the principle of indirect proof of causation are extended. The form of liability of air pollution civil public interest litigation is limited to stop tort and so on, so that the public interest litigation can return to its original intention.
【作者单位】：国务院发展研究中心资源与环境政策研究所;
【分类号】：D922.68;D923

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