我国战略环境影响评价法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 01:13

本文选题：环境　切入点：战略　出处：《天津大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：战略环境影响评价制度，是环境影响评价制度在立法建议或法律草案、政策、计划、规划等政府宏观决策层次上的应用，是指与社会经济发展有关的立法建议或法律草案、政策、计划、规划等的制定过程中对拟议草案以及所有的可替代方案可能产生的环境影响运用科学知识以及专业技术进行分析论证，从而选取对环境影响最小的最优方案，并对可能产生的不良环境影响预先进行部署的一系列过程的规范。与项目环境影响评价相比，战略活动对环境造成的不良影响具有巨大、广泛、持久的特点。而且具体建设项目均是依据法律、政策、规章等制定的，是对规划、计划的具体落实，在法律、政策、计划、规划等存在潜在重大不良环境影响的条件下，具体建设项目的环境效益更是难以保障。因此，战略环境影响评价制度，是从决策源头防控环境污染和生态破坏的重大举措，对于促进我国经济社会可持续发展具有重大意义。我国《环境影响评价法》和《规划环境影响评价条例》是我国战略环境影响评价的主要法律依据。由于我国战略环境影响评价的立法处于起步阶段，与发达国家相比还存在诸多不足，，如我国仅仅确立了对规划开展环境影响评价，评价对象的范围过窄；环境保护部门召集的审查小组的独立性欠缺，使得审查结论的公正性和客观性难以得到保障；由于公众参与的技术化规定缺乏，影响了我国战略环境影响评价中公众参与质量的提高；评价报告书的内容缺乏替代方案，造成对替代方案的考虑效果不理想。本文采用比较研究的方法，在介绍美国、俄罗斯、加拿大等战略环境影响评价方面的法律制度的基础上，针对以上不足，从扩大评价对象的范围、提高审查主体的独立性和权威性、提高公众参与质量、完善环评报告书的内容等几个方面提出完善我国战略环境影响评价制度的建议。
[Abstract]:The strategic environmental impact assessment system is the application of the environmental impact assessment system at the level of legislative proposals or draft laws, policies, plans, plans, etc., which refers to legislative proposals or draft laws related to social and economic development. In the process of formulating policies, plans, plans, etc., scientific knowledge and expertise are used to analyze and demonstrate the proposed draft and all possible environmental impacts of alternatives, so as to select the optimal scheme with the least impact on the environment. And the specification of a series of pre-deployment processes for possible adverse environmental impacts. Compared with environmental impact assessment of projects, the adverse effects of strategic activities on the environment are enormous and widespread. Lasting characteristics. Moreover, specific construction projects are formulated in accordance with laws, policies, regulations, etc., are specific to the planning and implementation of plans, under conditions of potentially significant adverse environmental impacts such as laws, policies, plans and plans, Therefore, the strategic environmental impact assessment system is an important measure to prevent and control environmental pollution and ecological damage from the decision-making source, which is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of our country's economy and society. The Law on Environmental impact Assessment and the regulations on Planning Environmental impact Assessment are the main legal basis for strategic environmental impact assessment in China. Since the legislation of strategic environmental impact assessment in China is in its infancy, Compared with the developed countries, there are still many shortcomings, such as our country has only established the environmental impact assessment of the planning, the scope of the evaluation object is too narrow, the independence of the review group convened by the environmental protection department is not enough. This makes it difficult to guarantee the impartiality and objectivity of the conclusions of the review; because of the lack of technical provisions for public participation, it affects the improvement of the quality of public participation in the strategic environmental impact assessment of our country; the contents of the evaluation report lack of alternative schemes. This paper introduces the legal system of strategic environmental impact assessment in the United States, Russia, Canada and so on. Suggestions on how to improve the strategic environmental impact assessment system in China are put forward from several aspects, such as expanding the scope of the evaluation object, improving the independence and authority of the subject, improving the quality of public participation, and perfecting the contents of the EIA report.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.6

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