我国环境影响评价制度完善研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 01:16

本文选题：环境影响评价 + 缺陷　；参考：《西南政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 我国环境压力日益增加,人们的环境权益受到的侵犯和威胁,进而危及到整个人类的生存与发展。严峻的环境危机促使人们对自己的思想和行为开始检讨与反思和评判。环境影响评价就是人类对于此种评判所作出的制度安排,它为我国阻止环境恶化发挥了一定的作用,但是,从环境影响评价制度“落户”我国起,就似乎有些“水土不服”,它一直与我国文化、经济、法律、政治、社会发生了碰撞、摩擦、融合;被容纳的同时也受到了排挤、质疑。《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》在出台时,受到多种力量的弱化、制肘,甚至肢解,所以注定先天不足。文章的目在于探寻我国环境影响评价制度的完善途径,使之能够为我国的环境保护产生更为积极的作用。在对环境影响评价制度发展的脉络进行系统梳理的过程中,分析环境影响评价制度产生的历史背景和它所肩负的使命。剖析环境影响评价制度在我国实际运行的情况,找到在具体实施的各个环节和程序之中存在的问题,指出这些问题所带来的不良后果及其表现。将我国环境影响评价制度的规定和实施状况与其他国家的规定和实施情况进行对比,借鉴国外先进经验和成果,对我国的这项制度进行完善,主张环境影响评价制度的完善不仅要在原来框架之内加以改进,而且应该突破原有的框架,创设现实环境影响评价和引导性环境影响评阶等制度的新观点,使环境影响评价制度成为我国环境保护一把真正的利器。本文共分五部分。第一部分为前言。说明了本研究工作的目的、范围、理论意义、实用价值和研究方法、以及相关领域国内外研究现状等。第二部分是概述。本部分是环境影响评价的理论基础,对环境影响评价及环境影响评价制度的相关概念进行了分析,阐释和区别了狭义的环境影响评价和广义的环境影响评价的概念。提出了预断现实环境影响评价和引导性环境影响评价,并将其与预断环境影响评价和强制性环境影响评价进行了比较。分析了环境影响评价的终极目标和价值。第三部分对我国现有环境影响评价制度的缺陷进行了剖析。分析其成因、表现以及后果。我国环境影响评价制度的评价范围过于狭窄,限制了该制度发挥更大作用的空间。评价内容单一,使我国环境影响评价减损了提高环境效益、激励企业创新、降低环境风险的功能。我国的环境影响评价实旌中公众参与很不充分,权利不明确,环境信息和公众意见的公示和表达没有畅通的渠道,而且公众参与的权益也得不到法律切实的保障。第四部分阐述我国环境影响评价制度的完善措施。提出了对现有环境影响评价制度的改进。包括扩大评价的范围,将政策、法律、法规等战略性的政府决策都纳入环境影响评价制度的审查范围之内,扩大环境影响评价的影响力和调控力度;应该增加可替代方案的规定,让政府决策从单一目标向多目标发展,实现代价最小、副作用最小的科学决策;完善公众参与,明确公众的参与权利及其具体内容,建立畅通的信息渠道,对公众参与的权利提供保障。对建立现实环境影响评价和引导性环境影响评价制度进行了论证。第五部分是结论。对文章的主要观点进行总结和概括,进一步强调和阐明文章提到的新的见解以及它对环境影响评价研究领域的意义。
[Abstract]:The environmental impact assessment of the People ' s Republic of China has led people to review and reflect on their thoughts and behaviors . The environmental impact assessment is the institutional arrangement of people ' s thinking and behavior . It has been affected by many kinds of forces , such as weakening the environmental impact assessment system , making elbows , and even dismemberment . The aim of this article is to explore the ways of perfecting the environmental impact assessment system in China , and make it more active for the environmental protection of our country .

This paper analyzes the historical background of environmental impact assessment system and its mission , analyzes the historical background of environmental impact assessment system and its mission , and points out the problems caused by the environmental impact assessment system in the actual operation of China . It points out that the perfection of the EIA system should not only improve within the original framework , but also break through the original framework , create realistic environmental impact assessment and guidance environmental impact assessment system , and make the environmental impact assessment system a real benefit for environmental protection in China .

This paper is divided into five parts .

The first part is the preface , which explains the purpose , scope , theoretical significance , practical value and research methods of the research work , as well as the research situation at home and abroad in relevant fields .

The second part is an overview . This part is the theoretical basis of environmental impact assessment , analyzes the relevant concepts of environmental impact assessment and environmental impact assessment system , explains and distinguishes the concept of narrow environmental impact assessment and broad environmental impact assessment .

The third part analyzes the defects of the existing environmental impact assessment system in China . The evaluation scope of the environmental impact assessment system is too narrow to limit the space for the system to play a bigger role . The evaluation content is single , which makes the environmental impact assessment of our country reduce the function of improving environmental benefit , stimulating enterprise innovation and reducing environmental risk .

The fourth part describes the improvement of the environmental impact assessment system in China . The improvement of the existing environmental impact assessment system is put forward . It includes the scope of expanding the evaluation , the policy , laws , regulations and other strategic government decisions are included in the scope of the environmental impact assessment system , so as to enlarge the influence and control of the environmental impact assessment ; to improve the public participation , to define the public participation rights and the specific content , to establish a clear information channel , to provide guarantee for the public participation .

The fifth part is the conclusion . The main points of the article are summarized and summarized , further emphasizing and clarifying the new opinions mentioned in the article and the significance of it in the field of environmental impact assessment .

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.68

【引证文献】