环境公益诉讼赔偿金公益信托研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 03:20

本文选题：环境公益诉讼 + 赔偿金　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境公益诉讼赔偿金包括但不限于环境公益诉讼案件中法院判决责任人承担的为停止侵害、排除危害采取预防、处置措施发生的费用,生态环境修复费用以及和解协议中原被告双方确立的货币性质的赔偿。由于环境损害大规模的特性,赔偿金数额往往十分巨大。高额的赔偿金性质、归属、管理及使用方式等问题,相关法律规定付诸阙如。作为赔偿金管理依据的规范性文件缺乏统一性,各地实践探索带有浓厚的行政管理色彩,在理论上和实际操作中均存在难以克服的问题:赔偿金纳入国库或地方财政没有法律依据,行政管理色彩浓厚的管理方式难以保证赔偿金的独立性且存在效率不高的问题。因此,为克服现有赔偿金管理实践存在的不足,有必要创设环境公益诉讼赔偿金公益信托,即以赔偿金为信托财产设立的公益信托。它将赔偿金管理的法律关系确定为信托关系:赔偿金为信托财产,资金在名义上归属管理人。管理人管理赔偿金受到公益目的和信义义务的约束。环境公益诉讼赔偿金公益信托明确了赔偿金管理的基础法律关系,独特的制约机制确保赔偿金的独立性和安全性且管理富有效益。设立环境公益诉讼赔偿金公益信托不需要信托法意义上的委托人,而是根据司法裁决创设。这种非意定信托类型虽然在法律中没有明确规定,但在实践中是存在的。我国慈善信托的创新探索和赔偿金公益信托地方尝试以及域外的公益信托经验可为构建环境公益诉讼赔偿金公益信托制度提供现实基础。赔偿金公益信托的设立没有繁琐的设立文件,无须考虑潜在的损害债权人利益、损害股东利益及避税等问题,因此设立可采用备案制。此外,应改变合同信托的思维,对具体备案事项做出调整,消除对该类信托设立的限制。赔偿金公益信托应积极从事环境修复公益事业,信托公司并非最好的受托人选择,应鼓励环境公益组织充任受托人。效仿慈善信托中出现的双受托人方式,由信托公司、环境公益组织各自分工、相互配合,共同作为受托人是较理想的选择。信托公司外的主体充任公益信托受托人在实践中才刚刚出现,制度层面也缺少相应的规范和指引。因此相关主体尤其公益事业管理机构、信托受托人应在具体个案中不断积累相关经验;相应的政策、制度需要根据赔偿金管理的特征做出针对性调整,尤其应强化受托人义务和信托外部监督制度。
[Abstract]:Compensation for environmental public interest litigation includes, but is not limited to, the expenses incurred by the person responsible for the court judgment in environmental public interest litigation cases for the purpose of stopping the infringement and eliminating the harm by taking preventive and disposal measures, Environmental repair costs and monetary compensation established by the original defendant in the settlement agreement. Due to the characteristics of large-scale environmental damage, the amount of compensation is often very large. High compensation nature, ownership, management and use of such issues, the relevant legal provisions are lacking. The normative documents, which are the basis for the management of compensation, lack unity, and the practice and exploration in various places have strong administrative color. In theory and in practice, there are some insurmountable problems: there is no legal basis for the compensation to be brought into the national treasury or local finance, and the administrative management with strong color is difficult to guarantee the independence of the compensation and has the problem of low efficiency. Therefore, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing compensation management practice, it is necessary to create the public trust of the environmental public interest litigation compensation, that is, the public trust established with the compensation as the trust property. It defines the legal relationship of compensation management as trust relationship: compensation is trust property and funds are nominally owned by the administrator. The manager manages the compensation to be bound by the public welfare purpose and the fiduciary duty. Public Trust of Environmental Public interest Litigation makes clear the basic legal relationship of compensation management, and the unique restriction mechanism ensures the independence and security of compensation and the management of benefit. The establishment of the public trust in environmental public interest litigation does not need the trustor in the sense of trust law, but is created according to the judicial ruling. Although this kind of non-contingent trust is not clearly stipulated in law, it exists in practice. The innovation and exploration of charitable trust in our country, the local trial of charitable trust in compensation and the experience of public trust outside China can provide a realistic foundation for the construction of public trust system of compensation in environmental public interest litigation. There is no complicated establishment document for the establishment of public trust of compensation, which does not need to consider the potential damage to the interests of creditors, damage to the interests of shareholders and tax avoidance, so the establishment of the record system can be adopted. In addition, the thinking of contract trust should be changed, the specific record items should be adjusted, and the restrictions on this kind of trust should be eliminated. The trust company is not the best choice of the trustee, and should encourage the environmental public welfare organization to act as the trustee. Following the pattern of double trustees in charitable trusts, it is an ideal choice for trust companies and environmental public welfare organizations to work together and cooperate with each other as trustees. Outside the trust company, the subject acting as trustee of public trust has just appeared in practice, and there is also a lack of corresponding norms and guidance at the system level. Therefore, the relevant subjects, especially the public welfare management agencies and trust trustees, should accumulate relevant experience in specific cases. The corresponding policies and systems need to be adjusted in accordance with the characteristics of compensation management. In particular, we should strengthen the fiduciary obligation and trust external supervision system.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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