英国环境公共侵扰诉讼救济的研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 18:10

本文选题：侵扰 + 环境公共侵扰　；参考：《山东科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：侵扰是英美法系中的一种侵权形式,在英国,则为二十五种有名侵权之一,是指给人造成违法、扰乱、干涉或者损害的侵权行为。侵扰制度在英国的发展早期属于财产法的调整范围,但是随着城市化进程与工业化进程的发展,出现了一些列环境问题,由此,环境侵扰出现。最开始出现的是环境私人侵扰,解决相邻土地之间的环境侵扰问题,随着工业化的进一步发展,环境问题加重,非相邻土地之间环境问题逐渐显现,根据公共侵扰制度的规制出现了环境公共侵扰。环境公共侵扰诉讼救济作为解决环境公共侵扰问题的最重要方式,对环境公共侵扰问题的解决发挥了不可替代的作用。环境公共侵扰是对非相邻土地之间的环境侵扰影响了公众环境权利的行为,体现为侵害了某一范围内公众生活上的环境合理舒适,其与环境私人侵扰有密切联系,但是也有一些区别。可以提起环境公共侵扰诉讼的主体包括总检察长、民间环保组织和遭受特别损害的一般大众成员,前两者起诉的前提为存在实际的环境公共侵扰行为与超过一般容忍度。而遭受特别损害的一般大众成员还需要有存在特别损害这一第三个条件。总检察长作为原告可以自己提起诉讼,也可以为公民或者社会组织通过私人检察长制度,以总检察长的名义提起诉讼。民间环保组织经历了艰难的发展,结合民间环保组织具有的组织优势、专业性优势和大量司法实践经验,才有资格作为原告提起诉讼,为英国环境公共侵扰诉讼的发展完善做出了不可磨灭的贡献。通过玫瑰歌剧案,遭受特别损害的一般大众成员可以提起环境公共侵扰诉讼。根据侵扰程度的轻重,承担环境公共侵扰责任的方式为由被告作出承诺、赔偿损失、判处罚金和颁发禁止令这四种方式。通过对英国环境公共侵扰诉讼的研究,启示我国在环境诉讼中,平衡公众环境权利和经济发展之间的关系;确立环境公共侵扰制度,保障公众环境权利与环境舒适度;在环境诉讼中同时解决环境公益与环境私益问题,节约司法资源;建立环境公共侵扰诉讼激励保护机制,鼓励公众参与环境公共侵扰诉讼。
[Abstract]:Intrusion is a form of tort in Anglo-American law system, but in Britain, it is one of 25 famous torts. It refers to torts that cause violation, disturbance, interference or damage to people. The intrusive system in the early stage of the development of Britain belongs to the scope of adjustment of property law, but with the development of urbanization and industrialization, there are some environmental problems. At the beginning, the problem of environmental disturbance between adjacent land was solved. With the further development of industrialization, the environmental problem became more and more serious, and the environmental problem between non-adjacent land gradually appeared. According to the regulation of public intrusion system, environmental public intrusion appears. As the most important way to solve the problem of environmental public intrusion, the remedy of environmental public intrusion litigation plays an irreplaceable role in solving the problem of environmental public intrusion. Environmental public disturbance is an action that affects the environmental rights of the public on the non-adjacent land, which is reflected in the violation of the public life in a certain range of reasonable and comfortable environment, which is closely related to the environmental private intrusion. But there are some differences. The subjects that can bring environmental public intrusion lawsuit include the chief procurator, the private environmental protection organizations and the general public members who have suffered special damage. The premise of the former two prosecution is the existence of the actual environmental public intrusion behavior and the degree of exceeding the general tolerance. The general public who suffers special injury also needs to have the third condition of existence of special injury. The Procurator-General, as a plaintiff, may sue on his own behalf, or on behalf of a citizen or a social organization through the system of Private Prosecutor-General, in the name of the Attorney General. Private environmental protection organizations have experienced difficult development. Only by combining the organizational advantages, professional advantages and a large number of judicial practical experiences of non-governmental environmental protection organizations can they be qualified to file a lawsuit as plaintiffs. It has made an indelible contribution to the development and perfection of environmental public nuisance litigation in Britain. Through the Rose Opera, a member of the general public who has suffered special damage can bring a public nuisance suit against the environment. According to the degree of intrusion, the four ways to bear the responsibility for environmental public disturbance are the commitment of the defendant, the compensation of damages, the imposition of a fine and the issuance of a restraining order. Through the study of the environmental public disturbance litigation in Britain, the author enlightens our country to balance the relationship between the public environmental rights and the economic development in the environmental litigation, to establish the environmental public intrusive system, to guarantee the public environmental rights and the environmental comfort. In environmental litigation, the problems of environmental public welfare and private interests should be solved at the same time, the judicial resources should be saved, and the incentive and protection mechanism of environmental public disturbance litigation should be established to encourage the public to participate in environmental public intrusion litigation.
【学位授予单位】：山东科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D956.1;DD912.6

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