我国医疗废物管理法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 17:51

本文选题：医疗废物 + 管理　；参考：《东北林业大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着经济的发展,居民消费水平的提高,人们对环境保护和自我保护的意识也逐渐增强。废物的处置尤其是医疗废物的处置已越来越受到社会的关注。由于医疗废物管理不严或者处理处置不当引起环境污染问题也越来越受到人们的关注。在坚持环境法基本原则、制度前提下,通过建立系统的医疗废物管理法律法规,以减少或避免对人类健康的影响和对环境的危害,这对完善我国环境保护法律体系,促进可持续发展都具有重要意义。我国医疗废物管理法制化起步较晚,国务院2003年才颁布的《医疗废物管理条例》为医疗废物管理提供了基本的法制保障。经过几年实践,我们发现医疗废物管理在立法、执法、法律监督、法律责任、法律制度等方面仍存在着一定的问题。本论文研究的目的在于借鉴国外有关医疗废物在立法、执法、法律制度等方面的经验,完善适合我国医疗废物管理的相关法律,提出我国有关医疗废物管理的立法构想,完善各项相关的法律制度,以达到规范医疗废物管理、保护环境、保护人类健康的目的。本论文为完善我国医疗废物管理的立法、执法和法律制度提出初步设想,由于我国有关医疗废物的法律制度规定得太原则、太抽象,通过本论文研究,使得我国医疗废物法律制度更具体、更明确,增强在实践中的操作性,使立法精神充分得到体现。同时可以为我国医疗废物管理工作提供法理依据和决策支持。我国医疗废物管理体制的问题加大了医疗废物治理的难度,立法、执法、监督等方面的完善有利于加强对我国医疗废物的管理;在保障可持续发展的环境安全和人类健康领域也具有理论意义和应用价值。本文共分为四个部分,第一部分说明了我国目前医疗废物管理的现状,介绍了医疗废物的概念、危害、进行管理的必要性、当前我国医疗废物的立法现状和法律制度现状。第二部分介绍了美国、欧盟、日本、韩国关于医疗废物管理的立法概况及对我国医疗废物管理的启示。第三部分指出了我国医疗废物管理存在的法律问题,包括立法问题、执法问题和法律制度问题。第四部分针对我国医疗废物管理存在的法律问题提出了相应的建议。建议要提高立法层次、完善立法内容、加强执法力度、实行生产者负责分类回收的法律制度、集中处置法律制度、惩罚性赔偿制度、经营许可证制度、环境责任保险制度和风险基金制度。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of residents' consumption level, people's awareness of environmental protection and self-protection is gradually strengthened. The disposal of waste, especially the disposal of medical waste, has been paid more and more attention by the society. People pay more and more attention to environmental pollution caused by inadequate management or disposal of medical waste. Under the premise of adhering to the basic principles and systems of environmental law, through the establishment of systematic laws and regulations on the management of medical waste, to reduce or avoid the impact on human health and the harm to the environment, this will improve the legal system of environmental protection in China. Promoting sustainable development is of great significance. The legalization of medical waste management in China started relatively late. The regulations on Medical waste Management promulgated by the State Council in 2003 provided a basic legal guarantee for the management of medical waste. After several years of practice, we find that there are still some problems in the management of medical waste in the aspects of legislation, law enforcement, legal supervision, legal liability, legal system and so on. The purpose of this paper is to learn from the experience of foreign countries in legislation, law enforcement and legal system, to perfect the relevant laws suitable for the management of medical waste in our country, and to put forward the legislative conception of medical waste management in our country. The aim of standardizing medical waste management, protecting environment and protecting human health is to perfect the relevant legal system. This paper puts forward some tentative ideas for perfecting the legislation, law enforcement and legal system of medical waste management in China. Because the legal system of medical waste in our country is too principled and abstract, it is studied in this paper. It makes the legal system of medical waste in our country more specific, more clear, and more operable in practice, so that the legislative spirit can be fully reflected. At the same time, it can provide legal basis and decision support for medical waste management in China. The problems of medical waste management system in China have increased the difficulty of medical waste management. The perfection of legislation, law enforcement, supervision and so on is conducive to strengthening the management of medical waste in China. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part explains the current situation of medical waste management in China, and introduces the concept of medical waste. Harm, the necessity of management, the current status of legislation and legal system of medical waste in China. The second part introduces the legislation of the United States, European Union, Japan and South Korea on the management of medical waste and the enlightenment to the management of medical waste in China. The third part points out the legal problems existing in the management of medical waste in China, including legislation, law enforcement and legal system. The fourth part puts forward the corresponding suggestions on the legal problems of medical waste management in China. It is suggested that we should raise the level of legislation, perfect the content of legislation, strengthen law enforcement, implement the legal system of classifying and recycling producers, centralize the legal system of disposal, the system of punitive damages, and the system of operating permits. Environmental liability insurance system and risk fund system.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.16;D922.68

【参考文献】