我国环境与健康相关法律法规的评估研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 22:17

本文选题：环境与健康 + 法律法规　；参考：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国经济高速发展的同时也带来严峻的环境污染形势。环境与健康问题变得越来越突出。为防治环境污染,保护群众健康,我国制定了一系列环境与健康相关的法律法规。立法评估工作近年在我国积极开展,对环境与健康立法体系的整体性评估是现有研究的一个薄弱环节。本论文阐述了选题的背景和目的,总结了我国在环境与健康领域相关法律法规的现状,简要介绍了国外主要国家和地区环境与健康的立法状况。本论文在归纳和总结国内外立法评估方面相关方法的基础上,提出了立法要素比较分析的评估方法,对环境与健康法律体系中关键要素进行分析评估。通过对国内外环境与健康立法的立法目的、立法广度、管理体制、制度措施、技术标准、法律责任六个关键要素的分析对比,并在广泛查阅相关要素研究文献的基础上,对各个要素进行分析评估,最终得出我国环境与健康相关法律法规的评估结果如下：(1)环境立法未树立保护健康的中心目的；(2)环境法中缺少健康保护的内容,缺少环境与健康方面的专门立法；(3)环境与健康管理在国家和地方层面都相互分离,缺乏有效的协调机制；(4)制度措施方面,已建立相对完善的环境监测和环境影响评价制度,但缺乏相应的健康监测和环境健康影响评价制度,未建立环境健康损害赔偿制度,其他制度也存在一定的缺陷；(5)标准体系相对完善,但在标准的定位、覆盖面以及先进性、协调性方面存在不足；(6)法律责任的设置上存在着违法成本低的现象,对环境违法行为的震慑力度不够。最后,针对评估的结果,本文提出了完善我国环境与健康法律法规体系的对策与建议：(1)改造我国环境立法的目的,树立以保障健康为中心的立法理念；(2)完善我国环境与健康立法体系,扩大环境法的覆盖面,尽早出台我国环境与健康方面的专门立法；(3)出台环境与健康管理机构的组织法,明确各部门的职责分工及协调机制；(4)弥补现有制度措施的不足,加强现有制度措施与健康保护的联系；(5)完善我国环境与健康标准体系；(6)强化违法行为的法律责任,加大对环境违法行为的处罚力度。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's rapid economic development has also brought severe environmental pollution. Environmental and health problems have become increasingly prominent. In order to prevent and control environmental pollution and protect the health of the masses, China has formulated a series of laws and regulations related to environment and health. In recent years, the legislative evaluation has been carried out actively in China, and the holistic evaluation of the environmental and health legislative system is a weak link in the existing research. This paper describes the background and purpose of the topic, summarizes the current situation of laws and regulations in the field of environment and health in China, and briefly introduces the legislation status of environment and health in major countries and regions abroad. On the basis of summing up and summarizing the relevant methods of legislative evaluation at home and abroad, this paper puts forward a comparative analysis method of legislative elements, and analyzes and evaluates the key elements in the legal system of environment and health. Based on the analysis and comparison of the legislative purpose, legislative breadth, management system, system measures, technical standards and legal liability of the environmental and health legislation at home and abroad, and on the basis of extensive reference to the relevant factors research literature, this paper analyzes and compares the six key elements of environmental and health legislation at home and abroad. Through the analysis and evaluation of each element, the evaluation results of the laws and regulations related to environment and health in China are as follows: (1) the environmental legislation does not establish the central purpose of protecting health; (2) the content of health protection is lacking in environmental law. Lack of specific legislation on environment and health; (III) separation of environment and health management at the national and local levels and lack of effective coordination mechanisms; and (iv) relatively sound environmental monitoring and environmental impact assessment systems have been established for institutional measures, However, it lacks the corresponding health monitoring and environmental health impact assessment system, does not establish the environmental health damage compensation system, and other systems also have some defects; (5) the standard system is relatively perfect, but in the standard positioning, coverage and advanced, (6) the establishment of legal liability has the phenomenon of low cost, and the deterrent to environmental illegal behavior is not strong enough. Finally, according to the results of the evaluation, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to perfect the laws and regulations system of environment and health in our country: (1) to reform the purpose of environmental legislation in China, and to set up the legislation idea centered on the protection of health; (2) perfect the legislation system of environment and health in our country, expand the coverage of environmental law, introduce the special legislation on environment and health as soon as possible, (3) introduce the organic law of environmental and health management organization, clarify the division of responsibilities and coordination mechanism of various departments; (4) to make up for the deficiency of existing system measures, to strengthen the link between existing system measures and health protection; (5) to perfect the system of environmental and health standards in China; (6) to strengthen the legal liability of illegal acts and to increase the punishment of environmental illegal acts.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6

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