流域管理中公众参与机制探讨

发布时间：2018-07-05 16:47

本文选题：流域 + 公众参与　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着流域环境日益恶化,对流域管理的理论研究渐渐进入人们的视野,热点集中在其公众参与机制上。本研究从界定流域、流域管理的概念、特征,定位公众参与流域管理的目的入手,认为公众参与流域管理是为了实现流域可持续发展,达到公共福利最大化。随后,分析公众参与流域管理的理论依据和现实依据,指出其权利基础是环境权理论、价值基础是环境正义、法治基础是环境民主,并对其他相关理论如公共信托理论、环境公共财产理论、市民社会理论等理论依据进行了阐释。然后,对公众参与制度进行理论分析,明确了公众参与的主体、范围、方式、程序、条件,认为公众参与的主体是公众,具体包括居民、各类专业人士、非政府组织、与拟行为有关的行政机关,并提出界定公众范围的依据:以是否有利于公众参与流域管理的目的的实现为依据;以公众参与环境事件的影响范围为依据。进而,本文对国外如美国、法国、澳大利亚等国家公众参与流域管理的实践进行比较研究,认为立法保障公众参与流域管理的权利、建立有效的公众参与流域管理的平台——流域管理机构、完善环境信息公开披露制度、注重宣传教育以提高公众参与意识等实践经验值得我国借鉴。为了使研究对我国流域管理中公众参与机制具有更直接的指导意义,对我国公众参与流域管理中存在的问题及成因进行了分析,认为公众参与流域管理的权利缺乏法律保障、流域区居民的利益往往被忽视、环境信息公开制度不健全、缺乏环境公益诉讼制度、环保NGO的力量薄弱等问题均与我国流域管理中公众参与机制不健全有关,继而从流域体制因素、政治文化因素、公众自身的因素、公众参与成本——预期的影响等五个方面的制约因素,深入剖析了造成我国公众参与流域管理存在诸多问题的深层次原因。最后,提出完善我国流域管理中公众参与机制的建议,主要有:第一,建立流域管理委员会加流域管理局双层体制下的新型流域管理机构;第二,健全法律保障;第三,完善公众参与的方式;第四,完善环境信息公开制度;第五,建立环境公益诉讼制度;第六,加强社区自治;第七,推动环境保护社会团体的发展;第八,参与意识和能力建设;第九,加强国际交流和合作。
[Abstract]:With the worsening of watershed environment, the theoretical research on watershed management has gradually entered people's field of vision, and the focus is on the mechanism of public participation. This study starts with defining the concept and characteristics of watershed and watershed management and positioning the purpose of public participation in watershed management. It is considered that the purpose of public participation in watershed management is to realize the sustainable development of the basin and to maximize public welfare. Then, by analyzing the theoretical and practical basis of public participation in watershed management, it is pointed out that the right basis is the environmental right theory, the value basis is environmental justice, the rule of law is environmental democracy, and other relevant theories such as public trust theory. Environmental public property theory, civil society theory and other theoretical basis has been explained. Then, through the theoretical analysis of the system of public participation, the author clarifies the subject, scope, mode, procedure and conditions of public participation, and thinks that the main body of public participation is the public, including the residents, all kinds of professionals, and non-governmental organizations. The administrative organs concerned with the proposed behavior, and the basis for defining the public scope: whether it is conducive to the realization of the purpose of public participation in watershed management, and based on the scope of influence of public participation in environmental events. Furthermore, this paper makes a comparative study on the practice of public participation in watershed management in foreign countries, such as the United States, France, Australia and other countries, and holds that legislation ensures the right of public participation in watershed management. The practical experience of establishing an effective platform for public participation in watershed management, perfecting the public disclosure system of environmental information, and paying attention to publicity and education in order to enhance the public participation consciousness is worthy of our country's reference. In order to give more direct guidance to the mechanism of public participation in watershed management in China, this paper analyzes the problems and causes of public participation in watershed management, and concludes that the right of public participation in watershed management lacks legal protection. The interests of residents in watershed areas are often ignored, the environmental information disclosure system is not perfect, the lack of environmental public interest litigation system, the weak power of environmental protection NGOs and so on are all related to the imperfect mechanism of public participation in watershed management in China. And then from five factors, such as watershed system factors, political and cultural factors, the factors of the public itself, the cost of public participation, the expected impact. The deep reasons for the problems of public participation in watershed management in China are analyzed. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to improve the mechanism of public participation in watershed management in China. First, the establishment of a new watershed management body under the two-tier system of watershed management committee and watershed administration; second, the improvement of legal protection; third, Perfecting the way of public participation; fourth, perfecting the system of environmental information disclosure; fifth, establishing the system of environmental public interest litigation; sixth, strengthening community autonomy; seventh, promoting the development of social groups for environmental protection; eighth, Participation in awareness and capacity building; ninth, strengthening international exchanges and cooperation.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.6

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