论我国第二代环境法的形成与发展

发布时间：2018-07-16 11:42

【摘要】：各国在解决环境问题,尤其是解决第二次世界大战结束后集中精力发展经济、推动工业化和城市化过程中所出现的环境问题时,为满足自身需要,制定出了第一代环境法。这一时期的环境问题主要表现为工业污染和因过度开发利用而导致的环境退化。第一代环境法在环境问题爆发初期,起到了积极作用,但其内容远非完善。随着时代的变迁,经济社会的发展,传统环境问题未能得到根本遏制,新的环境问题又不断涌现。第一代环境法已经不能满足现实需要,第二代环境法正是在这种情形下出现的。第二代环境法在对传统发展观进行反思的基础上,针对第一代环境法的局限性,作出了回应和改善。通过更新价值观念,促进传统发展模式和行为方式的转变,来实现人类社会与自然界的可持续发展。我国第二代环境法是在经济发展和环境保护的双重压力下演化而来,由政府推进,地方试点,并广泛借鉴国外立法经验。在法律功能上,追求经济利益和环境利益的共生共赢；在规制范围上,从末端控制拓展到全过程治理；在法律内容上,不再限于单一媒介或者污染因子,而是基于生态环境的系统管理；在管理手段上,充分利用市场机制和多元主体的参与。第二代环境法的法律规范中,出现了大量的激励型法和政策型法；管制型法的重心也从传统的企业责任转向政府责任。第二代环境法在实践中取得了一定效果,也受到行政体制和司法救济等因素的制约。在全球化背景下,面对国际地位的差异性,我国应当坚持环境法体系的开放性与独立性。同时,还要深化环境法的倾斜保护功能,以协调区域发展和环境利益,从而实现可持续发展,达致环境正义。
[Abstract]:When solving the environmental problems, especially the environmental problems in the process of industrialization and urbanization after the end of the second World War, the first generation of environmental law has been formulated. The environmental problems in this period are mainly industrial pollution and environmental degradation caused by over-exploitation and utilization. The first generation of environmental law played a positive role in the initial stage of environmental problems, but its content is far from perfect. With the change of the times and the development of economy and society, the traditional environmental problems have not been fundamentally contained, and new environmental problems have been emerging. The first generation of environmental law can not meet the needs of reality, and the second generation of environmental law appears in this situation. On the basis of reflection on the traditional concept of development, the second generation of environmental law responds and improves the limitations of the first generation of environmental law. The sustainable development of human society and nature can be realized by renewing the values and promoting the transformation of the traditional development mode and behavior mode. The second generation of environmental law in China evolved under the dual pressure of economic development and environmental protection. In terms of legal function, the pursuit of economic and environmental interests in symbiosis and win-win; in the scope of regulation, from terminal control to the whole process of governance; in the legal content, no longer limited to a single medium or pollution factors, It is based on the system management of ecological environment, and makes full use of the market mechanism and the participation of multiple subjects in the management means. Among the legal norms of the second generation of environmental law, a large number of incentive and policy laws have emerged, and the focus of the regulatory law has also shifted from the traditional corporate responsibility to the government responsibility. The second generation environmental law has obtained certain effect in practice, but also restricted by administrative system and judicial remedy. Under the background of globalization, facing the difference of international status, our country should insist on the openness and independence of environmental law system. At the same time, it is necessary to deepen the protection function of environmental law in order to coordinate regional development and environmental interests, so as to realize sustainable development and achieve environmental justice.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.68

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