水资源可持续利用法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 19:48

【摘要】：水资源是基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源,水资源是经济发展、社会稳定和人民生活不可缺少、不可替代的重要物质,是经济社会可持续发展的重要保障。同时,我们应该看到,由于人类对水资源的过度开发和滥用,使得水资源正面临枯竭的危险,因此,世界上不少国家和国际组织采用法律手段对水资源实施保护和管理。随着经济和社会的不断发展,合理开发利用水资源,特别是依法保护和管理水资源,如何能在不破坏水生态系统平衡的前提下进行开发,保障水资源能够源源不断的为人类永续利用,已成为世界各国所共同面临的一个课题。水资源的可持续利用已经成为经济社会可持续发展的基础性、全局性和战略性问题。我国作为一个发展中国家,在计划经济时代,长期将水资源作为无价物进行计划分配,造成了严重的水资源滥用和浪费现象,其影响至今还依然存在。目前,我国水资源状况值得忧虑,水质量不断下降,水环境持续恶化,水污染事故不断发生,另一方面,水资源的利用效率低下,存在着严重的浪费,又进一步加剧了水资源的短缺。为规范人们开发、利用水资源的行为,保持水生态系统的平衡,必须构建一套科学合理的水资源可持续利用法律制度。但是我国现行法律体系中关于水资源可持续利用问题的规定还很欠缺,亟待完善。本文共由五部分内容组成。第一章绪论部分,简要介绍了选题背景、研究目的和意义、国内外研究现状、研究思路与方法；第二章概述部分从我国水资源的现状出发,强调实现水资源可持续利用的重要性；第三章通过对可持续发展理论的内涵和本质的全面介绍,分析可持续发展和水资源的相互关系,明确了水资源可持续利用是经济社会可持续发展的重要内容,得出我国坚持走水资源可持续利用道路是历史的必然选择。第四章通过对国外水资源可持续利用法律制度的分析比较,吸取合理的部分,为我国水资源可持续利用法律制度的建立提供可借鉴之处。第五章是本文的中心内容,通过介绍国内水权制度研究的最新成果,对我国新《水法》的立法目的和思想、制度设计和具体内容进行分析和评价,提出构建我国水资源可持续利用的法律制度。以可持续发展思想为指导,进一步健全水资源法律法规,建立明确的水资源流域管理制度,建立水权制度,确立公众参与机制,为实现水资源的可持续利用提供可靠的法律保障。总之,我国水资源可持续利用必须以可持续发展思想为指导,从法律层面探索水资源可持续利用的法律制度,才能最终实现社会经济、资源和环境的协调发展。
[Abstract]:Water resources are basic natural resources and strategic economic resources. Water resources are an indispensable and irreplaceable important material for economic development, social stability and people's life, and an important guarantee for sustainable economic and social development. At the same time, we should see that, due to the over-exploitation and abuse of water resources, water resources are facing the danger of exhaustion. Therefore, many countries and international organizations in the world adopt legal means to protect and manage water resources. With the continuous development of economy and society, how to develop and utilize water resources rationally, especially in the protection and management of water resources according to law, without destroying the balance of water ecosystem, The protection of water resources can be continuously used for mankind, has become a common problem in the world. The sustainable utilization of water resources has become the basic, overall and strategic problem of sustainable economic and social development. China, as a developing country, in the planned economy era, the long-term allocation of water resources as a priceless, caused a serious abuse and waste of water resources, its impact still exists. At present, the situation of water resources in our country is worth worrying, the water quality is declining, the water environment continues to deteriorate, the water pollution accidents continue to occur, on the other hand, the utilization efficiency of water resources is low, and there is serious waste. It further exacerbates the shortage of water resources. In order to standardize the behavior of water resources exploitation and maintain the balance of water ecosystem, it is necessary to construct a scientific and reasonable legal system for sustainable utilization of water resources. However, the regulations on the sustainable utilization of water resources in the current legal system of our country are still lacking and need to be improved. This paper consists of five parts. The first chapter introduces the background of the topic, the purpose and significance of the research, the status quo of the research at home and abroad, the research ideas and methods, and the second chapter summarizes the current situation of water resources in China. Emphasizing the importance of achieving the sustainable use of water resources and, in chapter III, analysing the interrelationship between sustainable development and water resources through a comprehensive introduction of the connotation and nature of the theory of sustainable development, It is clear that the sustainable utilization of water resources is an important part of the sustainable development of economy and society, and it is concluded that it is an inevitable choice of history for our country to stick to the road of sustainable utilization of water resources. The fourth chapter, through the analysis and comparison of the legal system of the sustainable utilization of water resources abroad, draws on the reasonable part, and provides some references for the establishment of the legal system of the sustainable utilization of water resources in China. The fifth chapter is the central content of this paper. Through introducing the latest achievements of the domestic water rights system, the author analyzes and evaluates the legislative purpose and thought, system design and concrete content of the new water law in China. The legal system of sustainable utilization of water resources in China is put forward. Under the guidance of the idea of sustainable development, we should further improve the laws and regulations of water resources, establish a clear water basin management system, establish a water rights system, and establish a mechanism for public participation. To achieve the sustainable use of water resources to provide reliable legal protection. In short, the sustainable utilization of water resources in China must be guided by the idea of sustainable development and explore the legal system of sustainable use of water resources from the legal level, in order to realize the harmonious development of social economy, resources and environment.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.66

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