我国海岸带立法若干问题研究
发布时间：2018-07-17 04:22
【摘要】： 作为地球上一个非常特殊的区域,海岸带自然地理独特,物种构成丰富,区位条件优越。但随着人类开发利用活动的过度集中,海岸带也承受着日益严重的环境压力。如何对海岸带实施有效管理,实现海岸带开发利用与保护的综合平衡,是世界各国所共同面临的巨大挑战。从目前有关国家实践来看,建立符合国情的海岸带管理体制,开展必要的海岸带立法,是实现对海岸带有效管理的重要经验。 研究海岸带立法,首先要准确界定海岸带的概念。这不单是法律概念的严肃性问题,更因为这涉及海岸带的范围以及由此产生的管理体制的设定等关键性问题。这就需要在总结有关科学知识的基础上,结合国内外有关法律界定,在法学语境中对其进行准确把握。在此基础上,充分吸收借鉴发达国家相关立法经验,对我国海岸带立法现状进行深入剖析,研究提出我国海岸带立法完善的必要性及可行性。 海岸带立法过程中必然绕不开一个关键性问题——海岸带管理体制问题。尽管世界各国对海岸带管理的具体方式不同,但总体来看,可以划分为“集中管理型”、“半集中管理型”和“松散管理型”三种类型。客观地讲,前两种类型与第三种类型相比,体制设置更加科学,管理效果更加明显。目前我国的海岸带管理体制基本属于“松散管理型”,这是目前亟需改变的,总体趋势是向“半集中管理型”和“集中管理型”过渡。 在理清海岸带的法律概念这一基础性问题和海岸带管理体制这一核心问题的基础上,有必要对我国海岸带立法的宗旨、基本原则和主要制度进行简单的设计。海岸带立法的宗旨应从我国实际国情出发,定位于海岸带可持续发展,或者说是海岸带开发利用与保护的并举。在基本原则方面,应特别强调可持续发展原则及以生态系统为基础的综合管理原则。在具体制度设计上,除充分利用一些已经相对比较成熟的制度,如环境影响评价制度、许可制度、有偿使用制度等之外,应注重能够体现对海岸带实施综合管理的规划和地域主体功能区划制度等作用的发挥。 对海岸带立法问题进行比较系统的研究是本文的主要特色。我国上世纪八十年代的海岸带立法之所以未获成功,其中除了相关部门在认识上分歧较大的原因外,很大程度上是因为人们对海岸带综合立法的必要性仍有怀疑,对海岸带立法的内容、模式及相应的管理体制缺乏系统性的认识。在这一背景下,本文试图通过对海岸带综合立法的必要性、立法模式、立法宗旨、基本原则、管理机制以及相关制度的系统研究,促进我国的海岸带相关立法工作,以解决我国海岸带现有的可持续发展难题。
[Abstract]:As a special region on the earth, the coastal zone is unique in natural geography, abundant in species composition and superior in location. However, with the excessive concentration of human exploitation and utilization activities, the coastal zone is also under increasing environmental pressure. How to effectively manage the coastal zone and achieve a comprehensive balance between the exploitation, utilization and protection of the coastal zone is a great challenge facing the countries all over the world. From the current relevant national practice, it is an important experience to establish the coastal zone management system and carry out the necessary coastal zone legislation to realize the effective management of the coastal zone. To study coastal zone legislation, we must define the concept of coastal zone accurately. This is not only a matter of seriousness of legal concepts, but also a crucial issue of the scope of coastal zones and the establishment of management systems arising therefrom. On the basis of summing up the relevant scientific knowledge and combining the definition of relevant laws at home and abroad, we need to accurately grasp it in the context of law. On this basis, the author fully absorbs the relevant legislative experience of developed countries, deeply analyzes the current situation of China's coastal zone legislation, and puts forward the necessity and feasibility of perfecting the coastal zone legislation in China. In the process of coastal zone legislation, there must be a key problem-coastal zone management system. Although different countries in the world have different ways of coastal zone management, as a whole, they can be divided into three types: centralized management, semi-centralized management and loose management. Objectively speaking, the first two types are more scientific and more effective than the third type. At present, the coastal zone management system of our country basically belongs to "loose management type", which is in urgent need of change at present, the general trend is to "semi-centralized management" and "centralized management type" transition. On the basis of clarifying the basic problem of the legal concept of the coastal zone and the core problem of the coastal zone management system, it is necessary to design the purpose, basic principles and main system of the coastal zone legislation in China. The aim of coastal zone legislation should be based on the actual situation of our country, and should be positioned at the sustainable development of coastal zone, or the development, utilization and protection of coastal zone. In terms of fundamental principles, special emphasis should be placed on the principles of sustainable development and integrated ecosystem-based management. In the specific system design, in addition to making full use of some relatively mature systems, such as the environmental impact assessment system, the licensing system, the paid use system, and so on, Attention should be paid to the functions of integrated coastal zone management planning and regional main function zoning system. The main characteristic of this paper is to study the legislation of coastal zone systematically. The reason why the coastal zone legislation of our country in the 1980s was not successful, except for the reason that the relevant departments have great differences in understanding, to a large extent, is that people still have doubts about the necessity of comprehensive coastal zone legislation. Lack of systematic understanding of the content, mode and corresponding management system of the coastal zone legislation. In this context, this paper attempts to promote the coastal zone legislation in our country through the systematic study of the necessity, legislative model, legislative purpose, basic principles, management mechanism and related systems of the comprehensive legislation of coastal zone. In order to solve the existing problems of sustainable development in the coastal zone of China.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.6
本文编号：2128990
[Abstract]:As a special region on the earth, the coastal zone is unique in natural geography, abundant in species composition and superior in location. However, with the excessive concentration of human exploitation and utilization activities, the coastal zone is also under increasing environmental pressure. How to effectively manage the coastal zone and achieve a comprehensive balance between the exploitation, utilization and protection of the coastal zone is a great challenge facing the countries all over the world. From the current relevant national practice, it is an important experience to establish the coastal zone management system and carry out the necessary coastal zone legislation to realize the effective management of the coastal zone. To study coastal zone legislation, we must define the concept of coastal zone accurately. This is not only a matter of seriousness of legal concepts, but also a crucial issue of the scope of coastal zones and the establishment of management systems arising therefrom. On the basis of summing up the relevant scientific knowledge and combining the definition of relevant laws at home and abroad, we need to accurately grasp it in the context of law. On this basis, the author fully absorbs the relevant legislative experience of developed countries, deeply analyzes the current situation of China's coastal zone legislation, and puts forward the necessity and feasibility of perfecting the coastal zone legislation in China. In the process of coastal zone legislation, there must be a key problem-coastal zone management system. Although different countries in the world have different ways of coastal zone management, as a whole, they can be divided into three types: centralized management, semi-centralized management and loose management. Objectively speaking, the first two types are more scientific and more effective than the third type. At present, the coastal zone management system of our country basically belongs to "loose management type", which is in urgent need of change at present, the general trend is to "semi-centralized management" and "centralized management type" transition. On the basis of clarifying the basic problem of the legal concept of the coastal zone and the core problem of the coastal zone management system, it is necessary to design the purpose, basic principles and main system of the coastal zone legislation in China. The aim of coastal zone legislation should be based on the actual situation of our country, and should be positioned at the sustainable development of coastal zone, or the development, utilization and protection of coastal zone. In terms of fundamental principles, special emphasis should be placed on the principles of sustainable development and integrated ecosystem-based management. In the specific system design, in addition to making full use of some relatively mature systems, such as the environmental impact assessment system, the licensing system, the paid use system, and so on, Attention should be paid to the functions of integrated coastal zone management planning and regional main function zoning system. The main characteristic of this paper is to study the legislation of coastal zone systematically. The reason why the coastal zone legislation of our country in the 1980s was not successful, except for the reason that the relevant departments have great differences in understanding, to a large extent, is that people still have doubts about the necessity of comprehensive coastal zone legislation. Lack of systematic understanding of the content, mode and corresponding management system of the coastal zone legislation. In this context, this paper attempts to promote the coastal zone legislation in our country through the systematic study of the necessity, legislative model, legislative purpose, basic principles, management mechanism and related systems of the comprehensive legislation of coastal zone. In order to solve the existing problems of sustainable development in the coastal zone of China.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.6
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 马莎;;美国海岸带管理法评析[J];公民与法(法学版);2013年06期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 孙晓峰;海南岛东部环岛城市带复合防风策略研究[D];天津大学;2012年
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 管岑;海岸带生态系统管理法律研究[D];中国海洋大学;2011年
，本文编号：2128990
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