中国国际河流污染防治的法律规制

发布时间：2018-07-18 10:45

【摘要】：中国是世界上国际河流众多的国家之一,国际河流的开发利用对我国的可持续发展具有举足轻重的作用近年来,随着经济的发展,我国国际河流呈现不同程度的污染,有关国际河流法律问题的研究起步较晚,法律规制也很不到位,这些都影响了我国国际河流污染防治的进程,不利于协调与沿河各国的关系。本文从五个部分,运用比较分析、实证分析等研究方法,研究了我国国际河流污染防治的法律规制的主要问题。第一部分阐述中国国际河流污染防治的法律规制的形式。由于国际河流涉及2个或2个以上国家,使得国际河流的管理具有复杂性,单凭国内的相关法律法规往往难以妥善解决;因此,我国国际河流污染防治的法律规制的形式主要包括了国际法律规范、国内法律规范、国际惯例三方面。第二部分探讨了中国国际河流污染防治相关的国际法律规制。该部分从双边规制的现状和走向、区域规制的现状和走向以及可援引的普遍性国际法律规范着手。首先阐述了现存有效的中国与蒙古国、哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯等国的双边法律规制,探讨了双边规制的走向,指出借鉴他国之间具有代表性的双边条约十分必要。其次研究了我国在区域规制方面滞后,提出在区域规制的走向上,流域性质的区域性专门水协定较适合我国与沿河邻国;最后,探讨了我国可援引的普遍性国际法律规范,包括《国际河流规则》、《国际水道非航行使用法公约》、我国参加的政府间组织的决议和宣言等。第三部分研究了中国国际河流污染防治的国内法律规制。重点探讨了与中国相邻的沿河国家俄罗斯和蒙古的国内法律规制,从规制的现状和存在的不足两方面加以探讨我国的国内法律规制,提出重新审视我国的水污染防治法律体制。第四部分探讨中国国际河流污染防治的法律规制的未来构建。提出了三个方面的构建: 完善和创新相关法律制度,主要完善中国国际河流的应急处置制度、建立合理的生态补偿机制和创新损害赔偿制度;健全执法监督体制,解决各执法主体在流域污染治理上的利益冲突、决策协商问题;加强公众参与,构建公众参与机制。第五部分研究了中国国际河流污染防治的国际法律合作。提出国际法律合作机制包括遵循基本原则、拓宽国际合作的主体、完善合作的内容;其中合作的内容涉及建立信息、数据的交流制度、构建应急合作机制、完善争端解决办法。
[Abstract]:China is one of the countries with many international rivers in the world. The development and utilization of international rivers play an important role in the sustainable development of our country. In recent years, with the development of economy, the international rivers of our country present different levels of pollution. The research on the legal problems of international rivers starts late and the legal regulations are not in place. All of these affect the process of prevention and control of international river pollution in China and are not conducive to the coordination of the relationship with the countries along the river. This paper studies the main problems of international river pollution prevention and control in China by means of comparative analysis and empirical analysis in five parts. The first part expounds the form of legal regulation on pollution prevention and control of international rivers in China. Because international rivers involve two or more countries, the management of international rivers is complex, and it is often difficult to properly address the relevant domestic laws and regulations alone; therefore, The forms of international river pollution prevention and control in China mainly include three aspects: international legal norm, domestic legal norm and international practice. The second part discusses China's international river pollution prevention and control related international legal regulations. This part starts with the current situation and trend of bilateral regulation, the present situation and trend of regional regulation and the universal international legal norms that can be invoked. This paper first expounds the existing effective bilateral legal regulations between China and Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and so on, probes into the trend of bilateral regulation, and points out that it is necessary to draw lessons from the representative bilateral treaties between other countries. Secondly, the paper studies the lag of regional regulation in our country, and points out that the regional special water agreement of watershed nature is more suitable for China and its neighboring countries along the river in the trend of regional regulation. Finally, it discusses the universal international legal norms that can be invoked in our country. It includes the rules of International Rivers, the Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational uses of International watercourses, the resolutions and declarations of intergovernmental organizations in which China is a member. The third part studies the domestic legal regulation of China's international river pollution prevention and control. This paper mainly discusses the domestic legal regulations of Russia and Mongolia, which are adjacent to China, discusses the domestic legal regulations of our country from the aspects of the present situation and the deficiency of the regulation, and puts forward a new examination of the legal system of water pollution prevention and control in our country. The fourth part discusses the future construction of China's international river pollution prevention and control legal regulation. Three aspects of construction are put forward: perfecting and innovating the relevant legal system, mainly perfecting the emergency disposal system of China's international rivers, establishing a reasonable ecological compensation mechanism and innovating the damage compensation system, perfecting the law enforcement supervision system, To solve the conflicts of interests of various law enforcement bodies in watershed pollution control, to make decision consultation, to strengthen the public participation and to construct the public participation mechanism. The fifth part studies the international legal cooperation of China's international river pollution prevention. The mechanism of international legal cooperation includes following the basic principles, broadening the subject of international cooperation and perfecting the content of cooperation, in which the content of cooperation involves the establishment of information and data exchange system, the construction of emergency cooperation mechanism, and the improvement of dispute settlement methods.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.9;D922.68

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