我国集体林权流转制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 19:13

【摘要】：林业既是一项重要的公益事业,又是一项重要的基础产业,在经济社会中占据着重要地位,肩负着重要使命。随着经济社会的发展,落后的林业生产力与社会对林业多种需求的矛盾日益突出,要求林业必须又快又好发展,不断满足经济社会的需求。从国家发展战略看,中央提出了落实科学发展观、构建和谐社会、建设社会主义新农村等一系列重大战略思想和战略决策,对加快林业发展,建设秀美山川,维护国土生态安全提出了新的更高的要求。从社会需求看,提高我国生态产品和木材等林产品的供给能力,己经成为林业建设最重要的最迫切的任务。集体林权流转能够充分调动林农的营林积极性,实现林业产业规模化、集约化,能够极大提高林产品的供给能力,因此,构建完善的集体林权流转制度成为促进林业发展不可缺少的一环,是建设我国和谐社会的切实需要。然而,我国现行森林法律法规较多体现行政管理的色彩,对民事权利和资源流转相对轻视,体现在集体林权流转制度上,就是法律法规不健全、集体林权权属不清、林农权益易受侵害、集体林权流转管理混乱,这些问题直接导致集体林权流转效益低,林业产出低下。究其原因,主要根源于集体林权流转法制化规制的缺失和长期计划经济体制对自由经济的负面影响。本文从法律视角,提出集体林权是集体所有制经济组织或单位对森林、林木和林地所享有的占有、使用、收益和处分的权利。集体林权流转的法律性质是一种物权变动,其流转内容主要包括森林使用权、林地使用权和林地承包经营权、林木所有权和林木使用权;流转方式按照集体林权流转发生的时间先后分为两级,主要有转让、租赁、作价出资等。完善集体林权流转制度必须完善法律法规以明晰林权;不断强化林权的物权属性;要特别加强对林农林木自主经营权、处分权、收益权的保护;加强集体林权流转管理,做好林权登记工作,规范林权流转合同和流转程序;最后要加强集体林权流转相关配套设施建设,如森林资源资产评估机构、集体林权流转纠纷的仲裁和处置机制,进一步加强林业社会化服务。完善集体林权流转制度是一个复杂的工作量浩大的系统工程,需要法律与政策的研究和实践的不断检验,才能得到深化和完善。
[Abstract]:Forestry is not only an important public welfare undertaking, but also an important basic industry, which occupies an important position and shoulders an important mission in the economic society. With the development of economy and society, the contradiction between the backward forestry productivity and the society's various forestry needs is becoming more and more prominent, which requires the forestry to develop quickly and well, and to meet the needs of the economy and society constantly. From the point of view of the national development strategy, the central government has put forward a series of important strategic thoughts and strategic decisions, such as implementing the scientific development view, building a harmonious society, building a new socialist countryside, and so on, to accelerate the development of forestry and to build beautiful mountains and rivers. The maintenance of land ecological security has put forward new and higher requirements. From the point of view of social demand, improving the supply capacity of forest products, such as ecological products and timber, has become the most important and urgent task of forestry construction. The circulation of collective forest rights can fully arouse the enthusiasm of forest farmers, realize the scale and intensification of forestry industry, and greatly improve the supply capacity of forest products. It is necessary to construct a perfect collective forest right circulation system to promote forestry development and to build a harmonious society in our country. However, the current forest laws and regulations of our country more embody the color of administration, relatively despise the civil rights and the circulation of resources, which are reflected in the circulation system of collective forest rights, that is, the laws and regulations are not perfect, and the ownership of collective forest rights is not clear. The rights and interests of forest farmers are easy to be infringed, and the management of collective forest rights circulation is confused. These problems directly lead to the low efficiency and low forestry output of collective forest rights transfer. The main causes are the lack of legalized regulation of collective forest right circulation and the negative influence of long-term planned economy on free economy. From the perspective of law, this paper puts forward that collective forest right is the right of possession, use, income and disposition of collective ownership economic organization or unit to forest, forest and forest land. The legal nature of collective forest right circulation is a kind of property right change, its circulation content mainly includes the forest use right, the forest land use right and the forest land contract management right, the forest ownership and the forest use right; The circulation mode is divided into two levels according to the time of collective forest right transfer, mainly including transfer, lease, price contribution and so on. To perfect the circulation system of collective forest rights, we must perfect the laws and regulations to clarify the forest rights; constantly strengthen the property attribute of the forest rights; especially strengthen the protection of the right of independent management, disposition and income of forest farmers; strengthen the management of the circulation of collective forest rights. We should do a good job in the registration of forest rights, standardize the contract and procedures for the circulation of forest rights; finally, we should strengthen the construction of supporting facilities related to the circulation of collective forest rights, such as the evaluation of forest resources assets, the arbitration and disposal mechanism of disputes over the circulation of collective forest rights, We will further strengthen the socialization of forestry services. Perfecting the circulation system of collective forest property right is a complicated systematic project with enormous workload. It needs the research of law and policy and the continuous examination of practice to deepen and perfect it.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.63;F326.2

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