我国环境影响评价的法律监督研究

发布时间：2018-07-22 10:11

【摘要】：本文以环境影响评价为研究对象,主要研究我国对环境影响评价的法律监督,也就是在环境影响评价过程中,对环境影响评价的各环节所进行的法律监督。旨在通过对环境影响评价的行政法律监督各要素进行逐一的分析,对环境影响评价的公众参与进行系统的阐述,对环境影响评价法律监督司法救济进行完整的剖析,找到环境影响评价过程中真正的法律监督漏洞,以期对其进行完善。通过与美国环境影响评价制度的对比分析,总结我国的立法和实践,结合法律监督的法学理论,对环境影响评价制度的法律监督进行完整的总结和分析,最终找出环境影响评价的法律监督漏洞,以期完善。本文通过五部分来对上述问题进行阐述。第一部分,对环境影响评价的法律监督基本理论做系统的总结和介绍。关于法律监督理论,我国的法理学家们各自都有自己的理论,有的类似,有的相差甚远,因此,在该部分,笔者在众学者的研究基础上,试图对我国法律监督理论进行系统地总结和归纳。一方面为本研究提供系统的理论支撑,另一方面为有兴趣研究法律监督的同仁们提供有效的学术成果。在此基础上,笔者对我国环境影响评价法律监督的自身特点提出了自己的看法。第二部分,对我国环境影响评价法律监督的现状和缺陷进行了详细和系统的分析。分别从国家法律监督层面的环境影响评价的行政监督、社会法律监督层面的环境影响评价的公众监督来分析我国环境影响评价法律监督的现状及缺陷,由于笔者认为司法救济是我国环境影响评价法律监督的重要保障,因此,笔者在该部分还具体地分析了我国环境影响评价法律监督的司法救济问题。第三部分,从比较法上,对环境影响评价的法律监督进行比较分析。由于本研究的篇幅有限,笔者的能力有限,因此,本部分仅对中美环境影响评价的法律监督进行了比较分析,通过对中美两国环境影响报告书(EIS)的比较和环境影响评价公众参与的比较,分析两国环境影响评价的行政监督和公众监督及司法救济途径,找出美国环境影响评价制度中能够为我国借鉴之处,以及美国环境影响评价制度的缺陷,并使我国引以为戒。第四部分,为完善我国环境影响评价的法律监督找出理论支撑。我国环境影响评价法律监督的问题主要暴露在行政监督、公众监督和司法救济方面,因此,本部分主要针对上述三方面,对我国环境影响评价的法律监督之完善寻找合理的理论基础。通过研究,笔者运用孟德斯鸠的权力制衡理论、奥尔森等的公共选择理论来解释对环境影响评价行政监督的完善问题；运用施米特的宪法学说理论、罗尔斯的正义论来解释对环境影响评价公众监督的完善问题；运用自然体权利理论、代理论等在环境法领域所谓的“可期待理论”来解释对环境影响评价法律监督的司法救济进行完善的问题。第五部分,结合第四部分的分析以及第三部分对中美两国环境影响评价法律监督的比较分析,提出我国环境影响评价的法律监督完善的具体建议。本文的主要论点是,应当从行政监督、公众监督和司法救济三方面来完善我国环境影响评价的法律监督,不仅应当完善未进行有效法律监督的环境影响评价环节的监督,而且还应当完善对环境影响评价监督者的监督,例如建设项目环境影响评价审批机关、规划环境影响评价审查小组以及其中的工作人员的法律监督。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the environmental impact assessment as the research object , mainly studies the legal supervision of the environmental impact assessment in our country , namely , the legal supervision of the environmental impact assessment in the process of environmental impact assessment .

In this paper , five parts are introduced to illustrate the above problems .

In the first part , the basic theory of legal supervision of environmental impact assessment is summarized and introduced . On the basis of the theory of legal supervision , the jurisprudence of our country has its own theories , some similarities and differences . Therefore , in this part , the author tries to sum up and sum up the theory of legal supervision in China . On the one hand , the author puts forward his own views on the characteristics of the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment in China .

In the second part , the present situation and the defects of the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment in China are analyzed in detail . The present situation and shortcomings of the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment are analyzed from the administrative supervision of environmental impact assessment at the national legal supervision level and the environmental impact assessment of the social legal supervision level . As a result , the author believes that judicial relief is an important safeguard of the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment in China . Therefore , the author also analyzes the judicial relief of the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment in China .

The third part compares and analyzes the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment from the comparative method . Because of the limited length of this study , the author compared the legal supervision of the environmental impact assessment in China and the United States , and analyzed the administrative supervision and the public supervision and the judicial relief way of environmental impact assessment of the two countries .

The fourth part , in order to perfect the legal supervision of the environmental impact assessment of our country , finds out the theoretical support . The problem of legal supervision of environmental impact assessment in China is mainly exposed to the aspects of administrative supervision , public supervision and judicial relief . Therefore , this part mainly focuses on the above three aspects , and finds out the reasonable theoretical basis for the perfection of the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment in China . Through the research , the author uses the theory of power balance of Montesquieu and Olsen et al . to explain the improvement of the environmental impact assessment administrative supervision .
Based on the theory of Schmidt ' s constitutional theory , Rawls ' theory of justice is used to explain the improvement of public supervision of environmental impact assessment ;
By using the theory of natural body ' s rights , the theory of theory and so on in the field of environmental law , the so - called " expectable theory " is used to explain the improvement of the judicial remedy of environmental impact assessment law supervision .

The fifth part , combining the analysis of the fourth part and the comparative analysis of the third part to the legal supervision of the environmental impact assessment of the two countries , puts forward the concrete suggestions for the legal supervision and improvement of the environmental impact assessment in China .

The main point of this paper is that the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment should be improved from three aspects of administrative supervision , public supervision and judicial relief . It should not only improve the supervision of environmental impact assessment links that do not carry out effective legal supervision , but also improve the supervision of environmental impact assessment supervisors , such as environmental impact assessment and approval authorities of construction projects , planning environmental impact assessment review teams and the legal supervision of staff members .
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.68

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