论我国环境立法引入惩罚性赔偿制度

发布时间：2018-07-24 15:29

【摘要】：当代社会,环境污染和生态破坏的现象越来越普遍,对人类的健康、财产等都造成了严重损害,阻碍了可持续发展战略的实施。如何避免环境破坏,保护公民的合法权益,已成为法学界研究的热点问题,充分实现环境侵权的民事救济,既有利于弥补受害人的损失,也有利于更好地保护环境。环境侵权是一种特殊的民事侵权,不同于普通的民事侵权。目前我国的环境侵权民事救济制度适用的是补偿性赔偿原则,以填补受害人损失为主要目的,虽然它能对受害人的健康权、财产权的损失起到一定的补偿作用,却无法弥补受害者长期所遭受的痛苦及巨大的诉讼费用等损失,更不利于遏制侵权行为的继续发生。另一方面,较低的赔偿数额对加害人也不能产生足够的威慑与遏制作用,无法阻止其继续实施污染环境的行为。惩罚性赔偿制度,是源于英美法系的一项重要的侵权行为救济制度,在司法实践中发挥着很大作用。该制度已开始对大陆法系国家及我国法学界产生重要影响。在环境侵权中引入惩罚性赔偿制度是对现行民事救济制度的一种有益补充,有利于体现社会公平正义和实质公平。因此,在环境侵权救济制度中引入惩罚性赔偿显得尤为重要。本文试图在现有的环境侵权救济体系中引入惩罚性赔偿制度,使补偿性赔偿与惩罚性赔偿并存于民事侵权救济制度之内,希望会对我国的环境侵权法制建设有所裨益。本文共分四部分。第一部分阐述环境侵权的概念和特征,在阐述环境侵权归责原则的历史演进的基础上,指出了我国现行的环境侵权民事责任的归则原则即无过错责任原则。第二部分是关于惩罚性赔偿制度的基本理论的阐述,分析了惩罚性赔偿与补偿性赔偿的关系及惩罚性赔偿制度的发展历史,突出了惩罚性赔偿制度的对民事侵权受害人的有利保障性。第三部分深入分析了目前在我国引入惩罚性赔偿制度的必要性与可行性条件,为惩罚性赔偿制度的适用开辟了理论思路。第四部分是关于在我国保障惩罚性赔偿制度的运行所需要的相关制度设计。
[Abstract]:In contemporary society, the phenomenon of environmental pollution and ecological destruction is becoming more and more common, which causes serious damage to human health and property, and hinders the implementation of sustainable development strategy. How to avoid environmental damage and protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens has become a hot issue in the field of law. The full realization of civil remedies for environmental infringement is not only conducive to making up for the losses of the victims but also conducive to better protection of the environment. Environmental tort is a special civil tort, different from ordinary civil tort. At present, the civil relief system of environmental tort in our country applies the principle of compensatory compensation, whose main purpose is to fill the losses of the victims, although it can compensate for the loss of the victims' right to health and property rights to a certain extent. But it can not make up for the long suffering of the victims and the huge costs of litigation, which is even more unfavorable to curb the continued occurrence of the infringement. On the other hand, the lower amount of compensation can not deter and deter the perpetrators from continuing to pollute the environment. Punitive damages system is an important tort relief system derived from Anglo-American law system, which plays a great role in judicial practice. The system has begun to have an important impact on civil law countries and our legal circles. The introduction of punitive damages in environmental tort is a beneficial supplement to the current civil relief system, which is conducive to the embodiment of social justice and substantive fairness. Therefore, the introduction of punitive damages in the relief system of environmental tort is particularly important. This paper attempts to introduce the punitive damages system into the existing environmental tort relief system, so that compensatory damages and punitive damages coexist in the civil tort relief system, hoping to benefit the legal construction of environmental tort in China. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part describes the concept and characteristics of environmental tort, on the basis of the historical evolution of environmental tort liability principle, points out the current principle of environmental tort civil liability, that is, no-fault liability principle. The second part is about the basic theory of punitive damages system, analyzes the relationship between punitive damages and compensatory damages and the development history of punitive damages system. The system of punitive damages is beneficial to the victims of civil tort. The third part deeply analyzes the necessity and feasibility of introducing punitive damages system in our country at present, and opens up a theoretical train of thought for the application of punitive damages system. The fourth part is about the relevant system design needed to protect the operation of punitive damages system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923;D922.68

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