转制后国家开发银行承担环境责任法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 10:01

【摘要】：随着环境问题的日益严重,人们的环境意识也逐渐增强,并且在努力寻求各种途径来解决环境问题。环境问题单单靠政府的努力是远远不够的,还需要发挥各行业和个人的能动性,投身于保护环境中来。银行掌握大量的资金,它是社会经济发展中不可缺少的资源,银行只有利用好这一资源,将资金远离“两高一剩”的产业,投向更为环保的绿色新兴行业和企业,才是勇于承担环境责任的表现。绿色金融制度已在世界各国中快速的发展,制定结合金融机构的环保政策,对我国银行履行环境责任发挥了积极的推动意义,但在缺乏硬性约束的条件下,其贯彻实施遇到了诸多困难。国家开发银行目前处于由政策性银行向商业银行完善时期,它需要保有政策性银行时期的优势和经验,利用开发性金融机构的性质开拓银行业绿色经济的新领域,在商业银行领域承担环境责任,避免与其他商业银行进行同质化竞争。国家开发银行以前是政府的职能部门,保护环境是它的职责所在。因此,它会不遗余力的支持国家重点扶持的环保企业和项目,为他们提供贷款优惠,并贯彻落实国家的环保政策,是银行业承担环境责任的主力军。但转制后的国家开发银行因纳入商业银行范畴,在执行环保政策和承担环境责任方面存在弱化的迹象。从政策性银行环境责任理论和商业银行环境责任理论为基础,强调国家开发银行承担环境责任的必然性。通过国家开发银行转制前后承担环境责任和与其他商业银行承担环境责任的比较研究,用理论论证和实验论证相结合的方法,对国家开发银行承担环境责任存在的问题进行了剖析。建议：转制后国家开发银行仍应该将环境保护放在重要的地位,并结合自身的优点和存在的问题,完善绿色信贷制度,构建激励机制,建立涉农环保基金,使积极广泛的承担环境责任成为银行的一大特色,并修改法律让银行在不履行环境责任时依法承担行政责任和民事责任,为其他商业银行承担环境责任树立榜样。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious environmental problems, people's environmental awareness is gradually enhanced, and efforts to find various ways to solve environmental problems. Government efforts alone are not enough for environmental problems. It is also necessary to give full play to the initiative of various industries and individuals and devote themselves to the protection of the environment. Banks have a large amount of capital, which is an indispensable resource in the social and economic development. Banks must make good use of this resource and move their funds away from the "two high and one surplus" industries and invest in green emerging industries and enterprises that are more environmentally friendly. Is the courage to assume environmental responsibility performance. The green financial system has developed rapidly in the world. The establishment of environmental protection policies combined with financial institutions has played a positive role in promoting the banks' environmental responsibility in China, but in the absence of rigid constraints, Its implementation has encountered many difficulties. The China Development Bank is at present in a period of perfection from policy banks to commercial banks. It needs to retain the advantages and experience of policy banks, and exploit the nature of development financial institutions to open up a new field of green economy in the banking sector. Assume environmental responsibility in the commercial bank field and avoid competing with other commercial banks in the same quality. The National Development Bank used to be a government function, and protecting the environment is its responsibility. Therefore, it will spare no effort to support the national key support of environmental protection enterprises and projects, provide them with loans, and implement the national environmental protection policy, which is the main force for the banking industry to assume environmental responsibility. However, the China Development Bank has some signs of weakening in carrying out environmental protection policy and undertaking environmental responsibility because it is included in the scope of commercial banks. Based on the environmental responsibility theory of policy banks and the environmental responsibility theory of commercial banks, the necessity of undertaking environmental responsibility of national development banks is emphasized. Through the comparative study of environmental responsibility before and after the transformation of the China Development Bank and with other commercial banks, the method of combining theoretical and experimental argumentation is used. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the undertaking of environmental responsibility by China Development Bank. It is suggested that the National Development Bank should still put environmental protection in an important position after restructuring, and combine its own advantages and existing problems, perfect the green credit system, construct the incentive mechanism, and establish the fund for agricultural and environmental protection. To make the positive and extensive environmental responsibility become a major feature of the bank, and to modify the law to enable banks to bear administrative and civil liabilities when they do not perform environmental responsibilities, and to set an example for other commercial banks to bear environmental responsibilities.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.6;D922.281

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