互联网第三方支付法律监管研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 07:48

本文关键词： 互联网第三方支付电子商务法律监管备付金　出处：《湖南师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在互联网高度普及的今天,全球电子商务迅猛发展,同时网络第三方支付也应用而生。互联网第三方支付位于整个互联网交易环节的中间,衔接着互联网交易过程中的信息流和物流,对依托互联网兴起的网络交易的发展起着重要的作用。它的诞生解决了交易双方的信任问题,卖家不用担心发货以后收不到货款,买家也不用担心付款以后商家不会发货,互联网第三方支付调和了传统支付方式中交易各方的摩擦,开创了一种高效、低成本的货币支付模式,给用户带来了全新的支付体验,但作为新生事物,其肯定存在很多不大完善和缺乏规范的地方,需要加强对其的法律监管从而有利于保障交易安全和社会稳定。我国的第三方支付行业在经历了无法律规制的迅猛发展后,2010年随着《非金融机构支付服务管理办法》及实施细则的颁布,开始正式纳入我国金融监管体系。但由于各种因素的影响我国在互联网第三方支付的立法还十分不成熟、不完善,还存在着立法层级太低、对市场准入机制控制过严、备付金使用管理不完善、非法交易监控欠缺等一系列的问题,这些问题的存在严重的制约了我国电子商务的进一步发展,也给互联网交易活动的开展带来了很多隐忧。通过借鉴国外成熟的立法监管和实践经验,结合我国的具体实际,从以下几个方面来完善我国互联网第三方支付的法律监管：第一,要提高监管立法的法律位阶,增强法律效力。第二,建立起分类监管和协作监管相结合的监管模式,形成对互联网第三方支付的立体的法律监管。第三,在已有的市场准入机制的基础之上适当调整行业入门门槛,降低互联网第三方支付机构注册资本和资本充足率的要求,发挥市场的竞争与创新,并建立相应的机构退出机制。第四,完善客户备付金的管理。客户备付金在第三方支付平台停留产生的利息明确归属为客户,但对支付机构不作分配要求。把利息中除10%的风险准备金外的剩余部分购买商业保险。对客户备付金的使用不能简单的禁止挪用,这样会导致资金的闲置,可以允许第三方支付机构有条件的使用这部分资金,投资低风险高流动性的领域,并建立客户备付金的实时监控制度。第五,建立重大事项报告制度,进一步加强人民银行对第三方支付机构的监管。第六,尽快构建第三方支付机构的内部控制制度和自我评估制度。建立专门的部门对内部授权业务进行控制,取消对信用卡透支向第三方支付账户充值的授权,防范信用卡套现等危及资金安全的问题。建立第三方支付机构的自我评估制度,并定期向人民银行提交评估报告。
[Abstract]:Today, when the Internet is highly popular, the global electronic commerce is developing rapidly, while the network third-party payment is also applied. The Internet third-party payment is in the middle of the whole Internet transaction link. The convergence of information flow and logistics in the course of Internet transactions plays an important role in the development of online transactions based on the Internet. Its birth solves the problem of trust between the two sides of the transaction, and the seller does not have to worry about receiving the goods after delivery. Buyers do not have to worry that after payment, merchants will not ship goods. The third-party payment on the Internet has reconciled the frictions between the parties in the traditional payment mode, creating an efficient, low-cost monetary payment model, which has brought users a new payment experience. However, as a new thing, there must be a lot of imperfection and lack of standardization, so it is necessary to strengthen the legal supervision of it in order to ensure the security of transaction and social stability. After the rapid development of the third party payment industry without legal regulation in China, in 2010, with the promulgation of the "measures for the Management of payment Services of Non-Financial institutions" and the implementing rules, However, due to the influence of various factors, our legislation on third-party payment on the Internet is still very immature and imperfect. There are still too low legislative levels and too strict controls on the market access mechanism. There are a series of problems such as imperfect management of the use of reserve funds, lack of monitoring of illegal transactions, and so on. The existence of these problems has seriously restricted the further development of electronic commerce in China. It has also brought a lot of hidden worries to the development of Internet transactions. By drawing lessons from mature foreign legislative supervision and practical experience, combining the specific reality of our country, To improve the legal supervision of third-party payment on the Internet in China from the following aspects: first, to improve the legal rank of regulatory legislation and to enhance the legal effectiveness; second, to establish a regulatory model that combines classified supervision with cooperative supervision. Third, on the basis of the existing market access mechanism, the threshold for entry to the industry should be adjusted appropriately to reduce the requirements of registered capital and capital adequacy ratio of third-party payment organizations on the Internet. Give full play to the competition and innovation in the market, and set up the corresponding organization exit mechanism. 4th, perfect the management of customer reserve fund. The interest generated by customer reserve fund staying on the third party payment platform belongs to the customer clearly. But there is no allocation requirement for the payer. The remaining portion of the interest, in addition to the risk reserve of 10%, is covered by commercial insurance. The use of customer reserves cannot be simply prohibited from misappropriation, which can lead to idle funds. Third party payers may be allowed to use the funds conditionally, invest in areas with low risk and high liquidity, and establish a real-time monitoring system for customer reserves. 5th, and establish a reporting system for major events. To further strengthen the people's Bank of China's supervision of third-party payment agencies. 6th, to establish as soon as possible the internal control system and self-evaluation system of third-party payment institutions. To cancel the authorization of credit card overdraft to pay the third party to pay the value of the account, to guard against the security of funds such as credit card cash, to establish the self-evaluation system of the third party payment organization, and to submit the evaluation report to the people's Bank of China on a regular basis.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.281;D922.29

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