英美慈善信托法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 05:04

本文选题：信托 + 慈善信托　；参考：《大连海事大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：慈善信托是英美法中极具特色与创造性的法律制度,历经数百年的发展,随着该制度自身的不断发展完善,现已成为英美法系中不可或缺的重要内容。目前,我国学者对于慈善信托的理论研究仍处于起步阶段。2001年4月28日九届全国人大常务委员会第二十一次会议通过《中华人民共和国信托法》,该法的第六章以一章的篇幅对公益信托进行了规定。由于公益信托源自于对英美法系的慈善信托制度的移植,因此,对于英美慈善信托法律制度的研究对于我国公益信托制度的完善具有极其重要的意义。该文立足于对英美慈善信托法律制度基本理论的研究,并结合其他大陆法系国家公益信托制度的立法现状,对我国的公益信托制度存在的问题进行分析并提出了相应的完善建议。该论文共分为五章：第一章为英美慈善信托法律制度概述。该章首先对英美慈善信托法律制度的起源与发展的进行了系统梳理,并在此基础上对慈善信托的定义与特征进行了归纳；其次对英美慈善信托与私益信托、推定信托、法定信托进行了对比；再次比较了英美慈善信托与大陆法系公益信托的异同；最后着重对慈善信托的近似原则进行了分析。第二章为英美慈善信托的成立要件。该章将慈善信托的成立要件分为一般要件与特别要件并逐一进行了论述。第三章为英美慈善信托的监管制度。该章首先讨论了英美慈善信托的监管制度的必要性；其次分别对英国和美国的监管制度进行介绍；最后论述了有关慈善信托监管制度的核心内容。第四章为英美慈善信托制度移植我国的法理分析。该章首先对法律移植的一般理论进行了讨论；其次从三个方面论述了英美慈善信托制度的可移植性；最后结合我国现行公益慈善业发展的现状以及我国《信托法》的相关规定对我国法律制度接纳慈善信托制度的空间问题进行了分析。第五章为我国公益信托制度法律的完善。该章首先论述了完善我国公益信托制度的必要性；其后从统筹我国公益慈善法律体系、完善我国公益信托受托人制度、完善我国公益信托监管机制以及完善我国公益信托近似原则四个角度,对我国公益信托制度的完善提出了具体建议。
[Abstract]:Charitable trust is a unique and creative legal system in Anglo-American law. After hundreds of years of development, with the continuous development and perfection of the system itself, it has become an indispensable and important content in Anglo-American law system. At present, On April 28, 2001, the 21st meeting of the standing Committee of the Ninth National people's Congress passed the Trust Law of the people's Republic of China. The length of the public trust has been stipulated. Because the Charitable Trust originated from the transplant of the Charitable Trust system in Anglo-American legal system, the research on the legal system of Charitable Trust in Anglo-American system is of great significance to the perfection of the Charitable Trust system in China. This paper is based on the study of the basic theory of the legal system of charitable trust in the United States and the United States, and combined with the current legislative situation of the public trust system in other continental law countries. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the public trust system of our country and puts forward some corresponding suggestions. The thesis is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is an overview of the legal system of British and American Charitable Trust. In this chapter, the origin and development of the legal system of philanthropic trust in the United States and the United States are systematically combed, and the definition and characteristics of the charitable trust are summarized on this basis, and then the charitable trust and the private trust in the United States and the United States are deduced. Legal trust is compared; the similarities and differences between British and American Charitable Trust and Civil Law Charitable Trust are compared; finally, the approximate principle of Charitable Trust is analyzed. The second chapter is the elements of the establishment of British and American Charitable Trust. In this chapter, the establishment elements of charitable trust are divided into general elements and special elements and discussed one by one. The third chapter is the supervision system of British and American charitable trust. This chapter firstly discusses the necessity of the supervision system of British and American charitable trust, then introduces the supervision system of the United Kingdom and the United States, and finally discusses the core contents of the supervision system of the charitable trust. The fourth chapter is the legal analysis of the transplantation of British and American Charitable Trust system. This chapter firstly discusses the general theory of legal transplantation, and then discusses the portability of the charitable trust system in the United States and the United States from three aspects. Finally, this paper analyzes the space of accepting charitable trust system in our country's legal system in combination with the current situation of the development of public welfare charity industry in China and the relevant provisions of our country's Trust Law. The fifth chapter is the perfection of the law of public trust system in our country. This chapter firstly discusses the necessity of perfecting the public trust system in our country, and then from the perspective of the legal system of public welfare and charity in our country, the author tries to perfect the trustee system of public trust in our country. From the four angles of perfecting the supervision mechanism of the public trust and the approximate principle of the public trust in our country, the author puts forward some concrete suggestions for the perfection of the system of the public trust in our country.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D912.28

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