商业银行理财产品的法律性质与监管路径

发布时间：2018-06-30 10:19

本文选题：理财产品 + 法律性质　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，随着我国居民收入的不断提高，对于资金保值增值的迫切需要催生出巨大的市场需求，，这一需求带动了我国商业银行理财产品的诞生和发展。但随着商业银行理财产品的进一步发展，由此带来的各种问题也接踵而至并呈增多之势影响着金融市场的稳定和进一步发展。问题之一表现在法律性质认定模糊，学界和实践中无统一认定标准，分歧较大，这导致围绕银行理财产品出现的纠纷问题无法得到妥善解决，并且因为缺乏对法律性质认定的法律依据，各地司法实践中处理结果不一，影响了司法秩序，不利于保护当事人利益，也不利于金融市场的稳定发展。对此，应当明确分歧争议所在，统一认定标准，参照国外有关经验，完善立法，确保在处理因商业银行理财产品而起的法律纠纷时有法可依。问题之二在于监管措施滞后，存在较多漏洞，不能保证银行理财产品市场安全稳定运行。首先，当前各金融领域发生混业经营的现象层出不穷，而面对混业经营，我国现行的分业监管机制，只针对不同金融机构加以不同标准的监管，但对于金融机构从事的具体金融业务却无太多约束，这就导致了监管机构面临监管难题，例如银监会面对银行从事证券信托类业务时并无对应的监管标准，且因其业务属于证券监管范畴，银监会也不宜采用证券类监管标准，这就使得商业银行发行的信托类理财产品面临监管真空，形成了金融市场潜在的风险；其次，现有监管措施和法律责任的规定有待进一步细化和落实，如风险揭示问题、宣传和销售环节的问题、理财资金投向不清晰、客户知情权缺乏保护、资金池运作方式聚集风险、高息揽储问题以及市场准入问题等，虽然银监会就上述问题都有相关规定，但或者规定不够具体，或者在实践中缺乏监督和惩罚机制使得规定落实效果不佳。对此应协调机构监管模式与功能监管模式，有效解决当前混业经营局面的监管问题，同时应完善、细化监管法规，弥补监管真空，并且制定切实有效的监督机制与惩罚机制确保监管措施的真正落实。文章主体分为三大部分。其中第一部分为概述，主要介绍了银行理财产品的概念、类型和当前发行情况；第二部分则主要阐述了商业银行理财产品法律性质的界定，通过介绍学界和实践中对于法律性质界定的模糊现状，提出自己的观点；第三部分是商业银行理财产品的监管现状和监管路径，分析了当前我国针对商业银行理财产品的监管中存在的问题，提出了改进监管措施的方法和建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the income of Chinese residents, the urgent need to maintain and increase the value of funds has given rise to a huge market demand, which has led to the birth and development of financial products of commercial banks in China. However, with the further development of the financial products of commercial banks, the various problems brought by them are also coming and increasing, which affects the stability and further development of the financial market. One of the problems is that the nature of the law is vague, there is no unified standard of recognition in academic circles and practice, and there is a great difference, which leads to the problem that the disputes around banking financial products can not be properly resolved. And because of the lack of legal basis for the legal nature of the law, the results of judicial practice are different, which affects the judicial order, is not conducive to the protection of the interests of the parties, and is not conducive to the stable development of the financial market. In view of this, we should make clear the differences and disputes, unify the standard of confirmation, refer to the relevant experience of foreign countries, perfect the legislation, and ensure that there are laws to be followed when dealing with the legal disputes arising from the financial products of commercial banks. The second problem lies in the lag of regulatory measures and the existence of many loopholes, which can not guarantee the safe and stable operation of the banking financial products market. First of all, the phenomenon of mixed operation in various financial fields emerges in endlessly. In the face of mixed operation, the current separate supervision mechanism of our country only aims at different financial institutions with different standards of supervision. However, there are not too many restrictions on the specific financial business that financial institutions engage in, which leads to regulatory difficulties faced by regulators. For example, the CBRC does not have corresponding regulatory standards when banks engage in securities trust business. And because its business belongs to the scope of securities supervision, the CBRC should not adopt the standard of securities supervision, which makes the trust financial products issued by commercial banks face a regulatory vacuum, which forms the potential risks in the financial market. The existing regulatory measures and legal liability provisions need to be further refined and implemented, such as risk disclosure problems, publicity and sales links, financial capital investment is not clear, lack of protection of the customer's right to know, the way the fund pool operation risks, Although the CBRC has relevant regulations on these issues, the regulations are not specific enough, or lack of supervision and punishment mechanism in practice, which makes the implementation of the regulations ineffective. In order to solve the problem effectively, we should perfect and refine the regulations, make up the vacuum of supervision, and coordinate the supervision mode of the organization and the function supervision mode, and solve the problem of supervision in the current situation of mixed business operation effectively, at the same time, And establish effective supervision mechanism and punishment mechanism to ensure the real implementation of regulatory measures. The main body of the article is divided into three parts. The first part is an overview, mainly introduces the concept, the type and the current issue situation of the bank financial management product, the second part mainly elaborated the commercial bank financial management product legal nature definition, the second part mainly elaborated the commercial bank financial management product legal nature definition, By introducing the fuzzy status quo of the definition of the legal nature in the academic and practical fields, the author puts forward his own viewpoint. The third part is the supervision status quo and the regulatory path of the financial products of commercial banks. This paper analyzes on the problems existing in the supervision of the financial products of commercial banks in our country, and puts forward the methods and suggestions for improving the supervision measures.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.281

【参考文献】