从《刑法修正案（八）》看我国死刑的走势

  本文关键词：从《刑法修正案（八）》看我国死刑的走势，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

        2011年2月25日中华人民共和国第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十九次会议通过了《刑法修正案（八）》，这部修正案在刑法总则中对死刑进行了限制并且在分则中废除了一些死刑罪名。《刑法修正案（八）》对刑法总则部分做了修改，修改后的刑法第四十九条第二款规定“审判的时候已满七十五周岁的人，不适用死刑，但以特别残忍手段致人死亡的除外”，从而进一步对死刑适用的主体进行了明确化规定。这样一来，除了刑法第四十九条第一款规定的“犯罪的时候不满十八周岁的人”和“审判的时候怀孕的妇女”外，“审判的时候已满七十五周岁的人”原则上也不适用死刑，死刑的适用范围比之前缩小很多。在分则中，《刑法修正案（八）》废除了13个经济性非暴力犯罪的死刑罪名，占死刑罪名总数的19.1%，死刑罪名由1997年刑法规定的68个缩减到现在的55个。这部修正案显示了我国政府和立法者对死刑问题的高度关注和重视，符合我国宽严相济和少杀慎杀的刑事政策，体现了保护生命、尊重人权的价值观，更突显了我国刑事法律文明的进步。本文以79年刑法、97年刑法以及《刑法修正案（八）》为时间线索，以《刑法修正案（八）》的实质内容为主轴，展开对死刑走势的研究。本文由三部分组成。第一部分论述《刑法修正案（八）》对我国死刑刑罚的修改。这一部分主要是以79年刑法、97年刑法及《刑法修正案（八）》为时间主线分别从总则中对死刑适用主体范围缩小的内容和分则中对13个罪的死刑废除的内容进行叙述。第二部分是对《刑法修正案八》引发死刑的争论的评析。《刑法修正案八》出台后，有些学者认为《刑法修正案八》关于死刑的修改对限制、废除死刑并无实际意义，甚至有消极影响；有些学者认为《刑法修正案八》关于死刑的修改对限制、废除死刑和当代社会有积极的指导意义，是我国刑事立法的一大进步。他们的想法各有道理，但是笔者更支持最后一种观点。笔者对这部刑法修正案持积极态度——我国应该废除死刑，但应当根据中国国情有条不紊地、一步步地废除。第三部分主要论述对中国死刑走势的展望。第一，在立法上，刑法总则应进一步降低不适用死刑老年人的年龄、完善死刑适用的刑法条文、扩大不适用死刑主体的范围等；刑法分则应进一步废除全部的贪污贿赂犯罪的死刑和其他的非暴力犯罪死刑罪名，应当合并或者废除备而不用的暴力犯罪死刑，并且通过提高立法技术大幅度削减暴力犯罪的死刑运用。第二,在司法实践中，我国可以比较、吸收、借鉴美日韩三国的先进司法理念：1.我国需进一步规范死刑适用的程序，建立更加严格的司法监督机制和更加全面的救济措施；2.我国应使更多的大众参与到法律变革和运动之中，真正的做到法为民所立，法为民所用；3.缩小死刑适用范围和严格遵守死刑适用程序。与此同时，用长期自由刑、限制减刑等方式来减少和限制死刑的适用，并且将审判置于“阳光”之下，，使人民群众可以监督死刑案件的审判和执行，保障被害人、证人等主体尤其是犯罪嫌疑人合法权益不受侵害,保障审判公开、及时、独立。总之，通过对《刑法修正案（八）》内容的研究和兼听各方对《刑法修正案（八）》的不同态度，预判我国死刑发展的走势。

    On February25,2011, the11th National People’s Congress of thePeople’s Republic of China at the19th session of the standing committeevoted to pass “Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)”, The Amendmentseparately limits the death penalty and abolishes the death penalty charges inthe general provisions of criminal law and in the specific provisions ofcriminal law.In the general provisions of criminal law,the general part ofcriminal law is amended in “Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)”, Asprescribed in paragraph2of article49of criminal law “people who reachthe seventy-five at the time of trial do not apply the death penalty, except tokill extremely cruel means”, further provide explicit provisions for the bodyof the death penalty. In addition to the criminal law article49(1)“peopleunder the age of eighteen who commit a crime” and “pregnant women at the time of trial”,“people who reach the seventy-five at the time of trial” donot apply the death penalty in principle,so compared with before the scopeof the death penalty is narrowed so much.In the specific provisions ofcriminal law,the death penalty charges of13economy-related non-violentoffence are abolished in “Criminal Law Amendment(Eight)”,accounting for19.1%of the total number of capital crimes.The death penalty charges arecut from68articles in《1997Criminal Law》to now55.This amendmentshows that our government and legislator pay a high attention to the deathpenalty problem,conforms to our criminal policy of tempering justice withmercy and wisely and less kill,embodies the values of the protection of lifeand respect for human rights, also highlights the progress of our criminallaw civilization.This paper bases on the《79Criminal Law》，《97criminal law》,"Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)" for the time clue, puts the essence of the content of"Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)" as the main shaft, so as toresearch the development trend of China’s death penalty.This paper consistsof three parts.The first part discusses that the death penalty is amended by“Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)”.The part puts the《79Criminal Law》，《97criminal law》,"Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)" as the timeline,and separately describes the scope of the death penalty is narrowed in thegeneral provisions of criminal law and13the death penalty charges areabolished in the specific provisions of criminal law.The second part mainlyanalyses the debate about death penalty caused by the“Criminal LawAmendment (Eight)”. After“Criminal Law Amendment(Eight)”,somescholars think "Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)" changes to limit andabolish the death penalty has no actual meaning,even have a negativeimpact;some scholars think “Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)”changes tolimit and abolished the death penalty has a positive guiding significance to the contemporary society, is a great progress of criminal legislation in ourcountry. Their ideas make sense,but author is more support for a finalviewpoint.The author holds a positive attitude of thisamendment----according to China’s national conditions,our country shouldstep by step abolish the death penalty.The third part mainly discussedforecast of China’s death penalty development. the first,general provisions ofcriminal law should further reduce the elderly age who don’t apply to thedeath penalty, perfect the criminal law provisions of death penalty, expandthe scope of offenders who do not apply to the death penalty and so on in thelegislation;specific provisions of criminal law should further abolish thedeath penalty of the all embezzlement and bribery crimes and the deathpenalty of other nonviolent crime, merger or abolish the death penaltycharges of the violent crime unnecessary,and slash death penaltyapplication of violent crime by means of development of the technology of legislation.the second, our country may compare, absorb and emulate theadvanced judicial ideas of America, South Korea and Japan in the judicialpractice:1.our country need to further standardize the procedure of deathpenalty application, establish more strict judicial supervision mechanismand more comprehensive relief measures;2. our country should make morepeople to participate in legal change and movement,really make legislationfor people;3.our country should narrow the scope of death penaltyapplication and strictly abide by the procedure of death penalty application.At the same time,we use long-term freedom penalty, limit commutation, etcway to reduce and limit the application of the death penalty,and put judgeunder "sunshine",so as to make people supervise the trial andexecution,protect the victim, the witness especially criminal suspects’legitimate rights and interests,guarantee open,timely,independentjudgment.All in all,through "Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)" content researched by author and different attitude to "Criminal Law Amendment(Eight)" analyzed, I predict the development trend of China’s death penalty.

从《刑法修正案（八）》看我国死刑的走势

摘要4-8Abstract8-13引言16-23一、《刑法修正案（八）》对我国死刑的修改23-37    （一） 对刑法总则进行的修改23-29    （二） 对刑法分则进行的修改29-37二、关于《刑法修正案（八）》引发死刑争论的评析37-65    （一） 由《刑法修正案（八）》引发关于死刑的争论37-49    （二） 关于《刑法修正案（八）》引发的有关死刑争论的分析49-51    （三） 笔者对此次死刑修改的看法51-65三、中国死刑走势的展望65-84    （一） 立法上进一步限制、减少死刑65-74    （二） 司法上进一步控制死刑的适用74-84结语84-85参考文献85-90作者简介及科研成果90-91致谢91-92

  本文关键词：从《刑法修正案（八）》看我国死刑的走势，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。