试论大气污染犯罪的刑法规制

发布时间：2018-06-15 02:28

本文选题：大气污染犯罪 + 环境刑法　；参考：《甘肃政法学院》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：生态环境,是我们人类赖以生存的家园。大气作为环境组成因素的一部分,是人类生存的重要供给。大气的污染不仅影响着环境整体的优劣,更决定了人类生活质量的好坏。近些年来,我国大气污染的严重性早已刻不容缓,亟需加以治理。2014年初,我国东北黑龙江、吉林、辽宁多地更是连续发生大雾或雾霾天气,PM2.5数据接连“爆表”。我国目前爆发的大气质量危机,正是我国长期以来粗放式的经济增长和对大气质量治理的疏懒所造成,加之法律在大气污染犯罪方面的漏洞,终于积重难返,在近年遭遇大自然的报复。世界上许多国家考虑到大气污染的严重性,而将大气污染犯罪规制于刑法之中,目的不仅在于保护眼前大气污染犯罪所侵犯的法益,更注重于保护环境的长远发展。我国对于普通的大气污染犯罪在实践中大多以行政手段加以调整,严重的大气污染犯罪才依据《刑法》第338条“污染环境罪”这一概括罪名加以规制。而大气污染犯罪有隐蔽性、持续性等独有特点,概括罪名难以针对其特征予以惩罚。另外,《刑法》规定的现有刑罚措施,对于惩罚大气污染犯罪有明显的单一化。因此,本文通过对国内外大气污染犯罪理论及罪名的研究,提出自己浅显的一些关于大气污染犯罪的立法建议,以期在刑法中能单独设立大气污染罪。本文共分为四章。第一章,阐述了我国大气污染的现状,主要介绍了大气污染对人类的危害性,我国对于大气污染犯罪的法律规制及其演进。第二章,研究国外大气污染犯罪立法的现状,主要以美国、德国、日本的立法理念与立法特征为研究对象。第三章,分析我国大气污染犯罪的立法空白点,深入探讨我国学者关于大气污染犯罪理论研究成果。第四章,基于对国外大气污染犯罪的立法借鉴以及大气污染犯罪理论研究,提出我国如何规制大气污染犯罪的建议。
[Abstract]:Ecological environment, is our human survival of the homeland. As a part of environmental factors, atmosphere is an important supply for human survival. Air pollution not only affects the quality of the whole environment, but also determines the quality of human life. In recent years, the severity of air pollution in China has been urgent, and it is urgent to control it in early 2014. In Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces in northeast China, the PM2.5 data of heavy fog or smog have occurred continuously. The current atmospheric quality crisis in China is the result of extensive economic growth and lax control of atmospheric quality in our country for a long time. In addition, the loopholes in the law in the area of air pollution crimes have finally accumulated. In recent years, nature has encountered revenge. In view of the seriousness of air pollution, many countries in the world regulate the crime of air pollution in criminal law. The purpose is not only to protect the legal interests infringed by the crime of air pollution in the present time, but also to pay more attention to the long-term development of the protection of the environment. In our country, the common air pollution crime is mostly regulated by administrative means in practice, and the serious air pollution crime is regulated according to the general charge of "pollution environment crime" in Article 338 of the Criminal Law. However, air pollution crime has its own characteristics such as concealment and persistence, so it is difficult to punish its characteristics. In addition, the existing penalty measures stipulated in the Criminal Law are obviously unitary in punishing the crime of air pollution. Therefore, through the study of the theories and charges of the air pollution crime at home and abroad, this paper puts forward some simple legislative suggestions on the air pollution crime in order to establish the air pollution crime separately in the criminal law. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter expounds the present situation of air pollution in China, mainly introduces the harmfulness of air pollution to human beings, the legal regulation and evolution of air pollution crime in our country. The second chapter studies the current situation of the legislation of air pollution crime in foreign countries, mainly taking the legislative ideas and characteristics of the United States, Germany and Japan as the research objects. In the third chapter, the author analyzes the legislative gaps of air pollution crime in China, and probes into the theoretical research results of air pollution crime in China. The fourth chapter, based on the reference of foreign air pollution crime legislation and the theoretical study of air pollution crime, puts forward some suggestions on how to regulate the air pollution crime in our country.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.36

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