建筑工地抑尘剂的制备与研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 03:25

本文关键词：建筑工地抑尘剂的制备与研究　出处：《太原理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来PM2.5(可入肺颗粒物)一次又一次的爆表,各地都积极的响应了关于治理雾霾的号召。建筑工地在施工的过程中,不可避免的会产生较多的扬尘污染源,这些扬尘会对人体及环境造成危害。因此,本文针对适用于建筑工地的抑尘剂进行研究。本课题的研究对于当下环境保护、雾霾防治、绿色施工等都具有十分重要的意义。本文采用溶液聚合法,研究制备了由木质素磺酸钙和丙烯酰胺接枝共聚形成的高分子聚合物,该聚合物是一种适合于建筑工地使用的具有良好固结层硬度的水溶性扬尘抑制剂。主要原料是木质素,它作为造纸工业的副产品,其附加值并没有被给予充分的重视。由于开发和利用的不足,最终成为了一种工业污染源。木质素的接枝共聚能够实现其附加值的再利用。通过实验室合成一种高分子聚合物抑尘剂,运用正交实验法确定各因素的最佳配比,并对抑尘剂的性能及使用效果进行分析。论文研究了在抑尘剂制备过程中原料的选择、合成的方法、工艺的流程、工艺条件的选择、正交实验的设计、配比的优化、抑尘剂特性、应用性能等。实验表明：最佳配比的实验条件为,木质素与水的重量比为为1：25,过多的水会降低抑尘剂的固含量从而直接影响作用效果；引发剂用量为1×10-2mol·L-1;单体用量为1.4mol/L;反应温度为50-C；反应时间为2h。在此最佳的配比下,制得的共聚物保水率达80%以上,邵氏硬度达到80HA,能够抵御模拟自然环境下的水、风侵蚀。通过在实验室的实验对于现实的环境有一定的借鉴意义。表明此配比下的抑尘剂能够满足对于建筑工地的抑尘要求,适合在建筑工地上使用。论文还对抑尘剂的应用特性做了测试。包括强度的测定、粘度的测定、表面张力的测定、电镜扫描分析。实验表明：抑尘剂的粘度随着聚合温度、聚合时间、引发剂与单体浓度的变化而变化；表面张力测试表明在固含量为8%时,抑尘剂的表面张力达到了4.5×10-2N·m-1效果较为理想；通过对电子显微镜扫描,分析了照片中反应的土样形貌,说明了在使用了最佳配比的抑尘剂后,随着时间的推移,土样固结层颗粒逐渐紧密,微观结构显示,颗粒之间粘接效果明显,满足了抑尘的需求。同时,本文对抑尘剂在当下的发展前景做了简要说明,在目前的大背景下,多方面的因素促进了抑尘剂的发展。并且从以上抑尘剂的各项表征中看出论文所研究的抑尘剂,能够满足建设工地抑尘的各项需求,且应用前景广阔。
[Abstract]:In recent years, PM2.5 (particulate matter) has exploded time and again, and many places have responded positively to the call to manage haze. The construction site is in the process of construction. Inevitably will produce more dust pollution sources, these dust will cause harm to the human body and the environment. In this paper, the dust suppressant suitable for construction site is studied. The research of this subject is of great significance for environmental protection, haze prevention and control, green construction and so on. In this paper, the graft copolymerization of calcium lignosulfonate and acrylamide was carried out by solution polymerization. The polymer is a kind of water-soluble dust inhibitor with good consolidation layer hardness suitable for construction site. The main raw material is lignin, which is a by-product of paper industry. Its added value has not been given sufficient attention. Due to the lack of development and utilization. The graft copolymerization of lignin can realize the reuse of the added value of lignin. A kind of polymer dust suppressant was synthesized by laboratory. The optimum proportion of each factor was determined by orthogonal experiment, and the performance and application effect of dust suppressant were analyzed. In this paper, the selection of raw material, the method of synthesis, the process of synthesis, the selection of process conditions, the design of orthogonal experiment, the optimization of ratio and the characteristics of dust suppressant were studied. The experimental results show that the optimum ratio of lignin to water is 1: 25, and too much water will reduce the solid content of dust suppressant and directly affect the effect. The amount of initiator was 1 脳 10 ~ (-2) mol 路L ~ (-1); The amount of monomer was 1.4 mol / L; The reaction temperature is 50-C; When the reaction time is 2 h, the water retention rate of the copolymers is more than 80%, and the hardness of the copolymers is 80 HA, which can resist the water under the simulated natural environment. Wind erosion. The experiment in the laboratory has certain reference significance for the real environment. It shows that the dust suppressant under this ratio can meet the requirements of dust suppression for construction site and is suitable for use on construction site. The application characteristics of the dust suppressant were also tested, including strength measurement, viscosity measurement, surface tension measurement, electron microscope scanning analysis. The results showed that the viscosity of dust suppressant depended on polymerization temperature and polymerization time. The concentration of initiator and monomer changed; The surface tension test showed that the surface tension of the dust suppressant reached 4.5 脳 10 ~ (-2) N 路m ~ (-1) when the solid content was 8. By scanning the electron microscope, the morphology of the soil sample in the photo is analyzed. It shows that the consolidation layer particles of the soil sample become more and more compact and the microstructure shows with the use of the best proportion of the dust suppressant. The bonding effect between particles is obvious and meets the demand of dust suppression. At the same time, the development prospect of dust suppressant is briefly described in this paper, in the current background. The various factors have promoted the development of the dust suppressant, and it can be seen from the characterization of the above dust suppressant that the dust suppressant studied in this paper can meet the needs of the construction site and has a broad application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X799.1;TU731

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