800m 超大跨度穹顶结构选型研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 20:42

本文关键词：800m 超大跨度穹顶结构选型研究　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：建筑功能日益多样化,要求建筑物能够提供更大的使用空间。纵观空间结构发展历史,如何提高建筑结构跨越能力一直是结构工程师的不懈追求。自古罗马时期万神庙到1957年的小罗马体育宫,在如此漫长的历史进程中,受制于建筑材料发展水平,结构跨越能力几乎没有提高;近三十年来,随着新材料、新工艺、新技术、新结构形式不断涌现,空间结构发展实现巨大飞跃,结构跨度已达300m量级。空间结构发展为更大跨度穹顶结构探索提供了一定的技术支撑。与此同时,随着人类社会的发展进步,超大跨度穹顶结构建造需求日益显现:在极地、沙漠以及外星球等自然条件极为恶劣地区,营造适合人类生存的区域小环境;保护城市居民免受环境恶化、自然灾害的影响;城市发展过程中节能减排的要求等。早在二十世纪六十年代,欧美发达国家的建筑结构大师开始对千米级超大跨度穹顶结构展开研究,并提出若干概念性设计方案。超大跨度穹顶结构研究是一项多学科的系统工程,对于如此巨大、且需承受复杂荷载的结构,采用什么样的结构体系是其首先需要解决的问题。围绕800m超大跨度穹顶结构方案选型问题,本文主要开展了以下研究工作:(1)建立统一的结构方案评价标准以现行工程设计规范为基础,并结合当前科技发展水平,建立了包括结构方案设计与结构性能分析的统一技术标准。首先,为选择合理建筑材料,探索了轻质高强材料在超大跨度穹顶结构方案设计中的适用性;其次,为提高方案选型效率,编写了桁架式构件与梁式构件截面设计程序,并验证了其正确性;最后,为解决传统有限元方法进行结构全过程分析存在的计算不收敛、“回漂”等问题,引入了向量式有限元方法,并对方法的相关参数取值进行了研究。(2)刚性结构方案探索刚性结构是工程应用中最为常用的结构形式,而双层网壳结构是其优秀代表。针对双层网壳结构,从凯威特型交叉桁架球面网壳结构出发,依次调整上下弦构件拓扑关系、结构曲面形状以及网格划分方法,对比所得不同结构方案综合性能,获得相对较优双层网壳结构方案。以此为基础,开展结构跨度、矢跨比、支承方式、结构厚度以及网格尺寸等参数分析,了解不同参数对结构性能的影响,最终给出相对较优的参数取值建议。(3)刚柔组合结构方案探索刚柔组合结构是将刚性结构与柔性结构进行合理组合,目的是获得更佳的结构性能与建筑效果。针对刚柔组合结构方案,基于改善结构方案通透性考虑,结合不同结构形式受力特点,选取索承网壳结构与索杆加强网格结构,探索其在超大跨度穹顶结构中的适用性。将索承网壳结构与双层网壳组合,获得上下组合结构方案(中心索承网壳结构外圈双层网壳结构),通过反复满应力设计与找形分析完成方案设计,获得结构性能;对于索杆加强网格结构,研究了索撑短程线型网格结构、索撑四边形网格结构以及索撑巨型桁架结构的结构性能。
[Abstract]:The building function is diversified, requirements of the buildings can provide greater use of space. Throughout the history of development of space structure, how to improve the building structure spanning ability has been relentless pursuit of structural engineers from the ancient Rome period. The Pantheon to 1957 Rome small sports palace, in such a long history, subject to the building materials development level. The structure span almost no increase; the past thirty years, along with the development of new materials, new technology, new technology, new structure forms are emerging, realize the great leap forward development of space structure, the span has reached 300m level. The space structure to provide certain technical support to explore more long-span dome structure. At the same time, along with the development and progress human society, large span dome construction demand increasingly appear in the polar desert, and other planets and other natural conditions are extremely harsh areas, to create a suitable Small areas of the living environment of human being; to protect city residents from the deterioration of the environment, the impact of natural disasters; energy-saving emission reduction requirements in the process of city development. In early 1960s, construction master of developed countries in Europe and America began to 1000m super long span structure of the dome, and puts forward some conceptual design scheme of super dome. The span is a multidisciplinary system engineering, and the need for such a huge structure, under complex loads, the structure of what is the first problem to be solved. The selection of 800m ultra long span dome structure scheme, this paper carried out the following research work: (1) establish a unified evaluation scheme the standard to regulate the current design engineering as the foundation, combined with the current level of development of science and technology, including the establishment of a unified design and structural analysis of performance structure scheme Technical standards. First of all, to choose suitable building materials, explore the applicability of lightweight materials in the design of large span dome structure scheme; secondly, in order to improve the efficiency of selection scheme, preparation of truss members and beam section design program, and verifies its correctness; finally, in order to solve the traditional finite element methods to analyze the whole process of structure calculation does not converge, "bleach", introduced the method of vector finite element method, and the related parameters were studied. (2) the rigid structure exploration for rigid structure in engineering application is the most commonly used form of the structure, and the double-layer reticulated shell structure excellent representative. According to double shell structure, starting from the intersection truss Kiewitt reticulated shell structure in order to adjust the upper and lower chord member topological relation, structure surface shape and mesh method, comparing the different node The comprehensive performance, obtained relatively better double-layer reticulated shell structure. On this basis, to carry out the structure span, span ratio, support, analysis of structure thickness and mesh size, to understand the effects of different parameters on the structural performance parameters, finally gives suggestions relatively better. (3) a combination of rigid and flexible structure scheme exploration of rigid flexible composite structure is rigid structure and flexible structure reasonable combination, the purpose is to obtain a better structure performance and construction effect. According to the structure scheme of rigid flexible, improve the structure of program based on the combination of different permeability, structure stress characteristic, selection of cable supported lattice shell structure and rod cable strengthen the grid structure, and explore its applicability in large span dome structure. The cable supported lattice shell structure with double-layer reticulated shell combination, obtained under the combined configuration (center of the cable outer bearing ring double layer reticulated shell shell structure), Through repeated full stress design and form finding analysis, the structural design is completed, and the structural performance is obtained. For cable strut reinforced grid structure, the cable short line grid structure, cable braced quadrilateral grid structure and cable truss Mega truss structure are studied.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU399

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