旅游开发对丽江古城空间形态变化的影响

发布时间：2018-01-07 09:25

本文关键词：旅游开发对丽江古城空间形态变化的影响　出处：《湖北大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：丽江古城是第二批国务院公布的“历史文化名城”,在1997年被联合国科教文组织收入“世界文化遗产”名录。它是一座没有城墙的古城,自古是滇藏茶马古道的重要驿站和军事重地。古城没有经过系统的规划,以四方街为中心,自由弯曲的街巷从这里向四周扩散形成网状格局；古城水网密布,水系穿街走巷；建筑物依山就水设计,错落有致又古朴典雅；淳朴的纳西风情,悠闲的生活情调,形成“小桥、流水、人家”的诗意画卷。丽江古城以遗产带动旅游,又以旅游开发为途径来保护遗产,这种模式取得了重大成功。旅游快速发展,商业迅速膨胀,外来文化和精神不断延伸,本土文化和精神逐步淡化,古城空间及景观无形中被破坏。从旅游开发角度出发,对丽江古城旅游发展历程以生命周期理论进行划分,分为旅游探索期、旅游参与期、旅游发展期和旅游巩固期四个阶段。结合旅游时段对古城空间形态的发展变化做出对比分析,包括整体空间形态、建筑空间形态、街巷空间形态、水系空间形态和绿化及开敞空间形态五个方面。整体空间形态从边界范围和空间结构两方面进行对比分析；建筑空间形态分别从建筑平面形式、空间组合关系和建筑空间尺度三个方面进行变化分析；街巷空间形态通过分析街巷空间肌理、交叉点空间、空间界面和空间尺度的变化来展开：水系空间从街巷滨水空间、桥头滨水空间和井泉滨水空间三个方面来分析形态变化；绿化及开敞空间主要着手于庭院绿化空间、公共绿化空间、古城出入口空间和广场空间的变化分析。分析结果显示,古城逐步向东和南部扩张,新建区域空间形态与传统区域差别很大；新建区域建筑平面形式变得更加简单,建筑整齐划一,轮廓笔直生硬,空间组合形式较为单一；某些传统街巷空间界面完整性被破坏,视觉走廊及天际轮廓因建筑改造而被破坏,新建区域街巷空间肌理由自由交错变为纵横交错形式,街巷空间界面生硬单调,缺乏空间张力；大量滨水空间被占用,街巷滨水空间利用不均匀,桥头滨水空间缺乏公共休闲空间；新建区域水系空间急剧减少,滨水空间狭窄；庭院绿化空间向屋外空间蔓延；古城出入口不断增多,更加宽敞,标识更清晰；四方街等广场失去传统功能,空间围合度降低。本文从旅游开发角度分析古城空间形态变化的影响因素,得出结论：旅游空间结构不合理、旅游产品协调不力、旅游服务设施分布不均、旅游基础设施陈旧、商业发展过度、人口置换严重和思想观念转变都是造成古城空间形态变化的重要影响因素,最后并从自然地形因素和管理规划等社会因素两方面作出补充分析。最后,征对古城空间形态变化的问题提出相关对策：1.遗产保护和旅游发展并重,注重科学规划,鼓励居民参与古城管理和经营；2.加快丽江古城与周边旅游区的旅游空间结构调整,丰富周边旅游区的旅游产品,完善旅游设施和服务；3.加快古城与新城区域城市职能的转换。
[Abstract]:Lijiang ancient city is the second batch of " historic cultural city " published by the State Council . In 1997 , it was recognized as " World Cultural Heritage " by the United Nations Educational and Cultural Organization . It is an ancient city without a city wall . It is an important post station and military complex of Yunnan - Tibet tea - horse ancient road . Lijiang ancient city took the heritage to drive the tourism , and the tourism development as the way to protect the heritage , this pattern has achieved great success . The rapid development of tourism , the rapid expansion of commerce , the cultural and spiritual extension of the culture and spirit , the local culture and the spirit gradually fade , the ancient city space and the landscape have been destroyed . From the perspective of tourism development , the tourism development course of Lijiang ancient city is divided into four stages : tourism exploration period , tourism participation period , tourism development period and tourism consolidation period . The analysis results show that the ancient city gradually expands to the east and the south , the new regional spatial pattern is quite different from that of the traditional area , the new area building plane form becomes simpler , the building is uniform and uniform , the outline is straight and hard , the space combination form is relatively single , the space interface of the new area is not uniform , the waterfront space lacks public leisure space , the new area water system space is not uniform , the waterfront space lacks public leisure space , the entrance and the entrance of the old city are increased , the logo is more spacious , the logo is clearer , and the square street and the like lose the traditional function , and the space enclosure degree is reduced . From the perspective of tourism development , this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the spatial pattern change of ancient city . The conclusion is that the tourism spatial structure is unreasonable , the coordination of tourist products is weak , the distribution of tourist service facilities is not uniform , the tourism infrastructure is old , the commercial development is excessive , the population displacement is serious and the transformation of the ideological concept is the important factor which causes the change of the ancient city space form , and finally , the supplementary analysis is made from the aspects of natural terrain factor and management planning . Finally , the paper puts forward relevant countermeasures to the problems of the changes of ancient city ' s spatial form : 1 . heritage protection and tourism development and pay attention to scientific planning , encourage residents to participate in ancient city management and operation ; 2 . To speed up the adjustment of tourism spatial structure between Lijiang ancient city and the surrounding tourist area , enrich the tourism products in the surrounding tourist areas , perfect the tourism facilities and services ; and 3 . accelerate the transformation of the city function between the ancient city and the new city .

【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.113;F592.7

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