办公建筑室内可燃物燃烧特性实验及火灾危险性分析

发布时间：2018-01-07 10:24

本文关键词：办公建筑室内可燃物燃烧特性实验及火灾危险性分析　出处：《中国矿业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来，随着新技术、新材料的工业化发展，办公建筑内可燃物的种类和数量在不断地增加。各种电气设施、高档家具和装修也给办公建筑带来了潜在的火灾隐患，办公建筑火灾事故时有发生。本文在对办公建筑内火灾荷载统计的基础上，对办公建筑内可燃物燃烧特性进行实验分析并对办公建筑开展了全尺寸火灾研究，并用数值模拟方法研究了办公建筑的火灾危险性。通过办公建筑内火灾荷载的统计，得到办公建筑的火灾荷载密度服从正偏态分布，火灾荷载密度的加权平均值为453.76MJ/m2。通过热值实验测得办公建筑常用材料的热值。通过热重分析，得到各个材料热解时的温度、最大失重速率、最大失重速率对应的温度及热解终态时的温度，并获得了材料热解过程中的吸热峰和放热峰的个数。实验研究了变热流条件下白松、红榉、油松、泡桐四种木材的辐射引燃特性及烟气毒性，研究表明，辐射引燃过程中四种木材的质量损失速率呈现三个阶段：缓慢减少阶段、急剧减少阶段和相对稳定阶段。质量急剧减少阶段各种材料的质量呈明显的线性递减变化。材料燃烧时的表面温度变化、CO2含量变化与O2浓度的变化存在类似反比的关系；而质量损失速率与烟气中CO2浓度的变化趋势相似。通过办公建筑室内全尺寸火灾实验得到办公建筑在着火后9min发生轰燃，，室内温度最高达1155℃；室内烟气在着火后273s充满整个房间，走廊内烟气在486s时沉降到距地面2m；室外走廊内温度峰值与距着火房间门口水平距离呈线性相关性，走廊和室内烟气层温度增长速率的最大值分别为25.63℃/s和20.21℃/s；走廊上距着火房间5m，高度1m处的烟气辐射强度为1.79kW/m2。基于办公建筑内可燃物燃烧特性实验及小型办公建筑全尺寸火灾实验，对小型办公建筑进行了数值模拟。模拟分析了办公建筑室内及走廊烟气温度、烟气能见度、CO浓度等火场危险性指标。模拟发现，二层着火房间危险来临时间为279s，二层走廊的危险来临时间为498s；办公建筑室内火灾的最大热释放速率与通过全尺寸实体实验得到的最大热释放速率基本符合。模拟结果表明FDS可以较为准确地预测办公建筑的火灾危险性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with new technology, industrialization and development of new materials, type and quantity of combustible materials in office buildings are increasing. The various electrical facilities, high-grade furniture and decoration also brings potential fire hazards to the office building, office building fire accidents have occurred. This paper based on the statistics of the office building fire load in the experiment, analysis on the combustion characteristics of combustible materials in office buildings and office buildings to carry out the research of full-scale fire, fire hazard and research office buildings by numerical simulation method.
Through statistics of fire load in office buildings, the fire load density of office buildings is positively skewed. The weighted average of fire load density is 453.76MJ/m2..
The calorific value measured calorific value of office building materials. Through thermogravimetric analysis, each material pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis temperature and the maximum weight loss rate, corresponding to the maximum weight loss rate of the final state of the temperature, and the endothermic peak during the pyrolysis of the material with the heat release peak number were experimentally investigated. Variable heat flux under the condition of white pine, red beech, pine, Paulownia radiation of four kinds of wood ignition characteristics and smoke toxicity, studies show that radiation ignited four kinds of wood in the process of mass loss rate has three stages: slow decrease stage, sharply reduced stage and relatively stable stage. The quality of sharp reduction of various materials was quality stage obviously linearly. The surface temperature of the combustion of materials changes between similar inverse changes with the concentration of O2 CO2 content; and the change of CO2 concentration in flue gas rate and mass loss trend The potential is similar.
The office building indoor full-scale fire experiments in 9min office building after the fire flashover, the indoor temperature up to 1155 DEG C; after fire 273s indoor smoke filled the room, the corridor smoke settlement from the ground to 2m in 486s; the peak temperature inside and outside the corridor from the fire room door and there is a linear correlation between the horizontal distance the maximum value, corridor and indoor smoke layer temperature increase rate is 25.63 DEG /s and 20.21 DEG /s respectively; the corridor from the fire room 5m, flue gas radiation intensity of the height of 1m is 1.79kW/m2.
Characteristic experiment and office building full-scale fire test burning combustibles in office buildings based on small office building was simulated. Simulation analysis of the office building indoor corridor and the temperature of the smoke, smoke fire visibility, the risk indicators of CO concentration. The simulation, two layers of fire room danger time 279s, dangerous the two corridor coming time is 498s; the maximum heat release rate of the office building indoor fire and get through the maximum heat release rate of the full-scale experimental line. The simulation results show that FDS can accurately predict the fire hazard of office building.

【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU502;TU998.1

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