液压打桩锤冲击噪声抑制技术研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 23:01

本文关键词：液压打桩锤冲击噪声抑制技术研究　出处：《中南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：摘要：液压打桩锤由于具有与液压静力压桩机同等高速、高效的优点,重量和体积及消耗原材料不到液压静力压桩机的四分之一的特性,同时与柴油打桩锤相比具有平均施工速度提高1倍以上和不存在柴油燃烧废气污染等问题,所以其推广应用对降低资源消耗、减少环境污染、加快施工进度具有重要的意义。目前发达国家液压打桩锤产品已经系列化并完全取代了柴油打桩锤,国内的液压打桩机还处在试验阶段。由于液压打桩锤仍然存在打桩冲击噪声大的问题,其应用仍然受到诸多限制,噪声已成为液压打桩机进一步发展的瓶颈问题。本文旨在研究一种降低液压打桩锤冲击噪声的技术,使其噪声能达到一般建筑施工设备的噪声标准,以解决液压打桩锤发展中的瓶颈问题。首先,参考现有工程机械产品噪声解决方案,结合液压打桩锤噪声产生机理,对其冲击噪声进行了分析,并根据噪声传播规律与评价指标,确定了从噪声源缓解冲击振动和在传播途径隔声消声两个方面进行噪声抑制技术研究。其次,建立液压打桩锤冲击振动模型,采用量纲分析方法比较了锤头结构改变的组合桩锤结构与普通桩锤结构产生的冲击力。采用声学有限元方法,仿真研究了不同冲击力激励下的冲击噪声。根据样机测试数据,验证了垫层对于冲击噪声的影响,确定了冲击噪声主要声频段在高频段。然后,针对需要重点降噪的高频段噪声,结合液压打桩锤机身与噪声抑制装置结构特点,提出了一种将撞击点完全覆盖,在排气口安装消声器的噪声抑制方案,并预测了其噪声抑制效果。最后,采用简易箱体结构模拟液压打桩锤噪声抑制装置,扬声器模拟声源噪声,根据工程机械噪声测试方法,测试了声场周围场点的噪声大小,验证了噪声抑制方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:Abstract: the hydraulic hammer with hydraulic static pile pressing machine has the advantages of high efficiency, the same speed, weight and volume characteristics and consumption of raw materials to the hydraulic static pile pressing machine 1/4, and diesel hammer has an average speed of construction increased more than 1 times and there is no diesel combustion exhaust gas pollution, so its application to reduce resource consumption, reduce environmental pollution, has important significance to speed up the construction progress. The developed countries hydraulic hammer series products and completely replaced the diesel hammer, the hydraulic piling machine is still in the experimental stage. Because the hydraulic pile hammer impact pile still exists the problem of big noise and its application still have many limitations, noise has become a bottleneck in the further development of hydraulic piling machine. This paper aims to study a reduced hydraulic pile hammer impact noise. In order to solve the bottleneck problem in the development of the hydraulic piling hammer, the noise can reach the standard of the noise of the general construction equipment.
First of all, referring to the existing engineering machinery noise solutions, combined with hydraulic hammer noise mechanism, the impact of noise is analyzed, and according to the rule of the noise propagation and evaluation index, determined from the noise source to mitigate the impact of vibration and noise suppression technology research in the two aspects of transmission of sound attenuation.
Secondly, a vibration model of hydraulic pile hammer, impact force generated by the method of dimension analysis compared the structural changes of composite pile hammer hammer structure and ordinary pile hammer structure. Using acoustic finite element method, simulation research on different impact shock noise excitation. According to the test data of the prototype, verify the effect of cushion for the impact of noise the impact of noise mainly determine the audio frequency at high frequency.
Then, aiming at the high-frequency noise that needs to focus on noise reduction, combined with the structural characteristics of the hydraulic pile driver's fuselage and noise suppression device, a noise suppression scheme is put forward to completely cover the impact point and install mufflers at the exhaust port, and its noise suppressing effect is predicted.
Finally, using a simple box structure simulation of hydraulic hammer noise suppression device, speaker simulation of noise source, according to the test method of construction machinery noise, noise sound field around the point test, verify the feasibility of noise suppression scheme.

【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU67

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