基于有限元分析的双小车桥式起重机主梁优化设计与软件开发

发布时间：2018-01-11 15:16

本文关键词：基于有限元分析的双小车桥式起重机主梁优化设计与软件开发　出处：《浙江大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：起重机械是现代化生产中非常重要的辅助工具设备,广泛应用于生产活动中的各个领域。双小车桥式起重机作为一种新型起重机械,主要用于起吊大跨度重物的工作场合,具有充分利用桥架下空间、运行平稳、安全性和工作效率高以及使用简便等优点。主梁作为起重机的主要元件,对其整体安全性和经济性起决定性作用。目前主梁普遍存在结构笨重、材料浪费等问题,严重影响双小车桥式起重机的发展和应用。本文以双小车桥式起重机的组合型主梁(钢板与工字钢)为研究对象,基于有限元方法对其进行结构分析和优化设计,并完成软件开发,具体工作主要有： (1)建立三维参数化模型,并对主梁结构进行有限元分析。基于参数化设计思想,建立主梁结构的三维参数化有限元模型,通过简单的参数控制实现快速建模；开展起重机在负荷下的试验研究,验证参数化模型；利用参数化有限元模型,对主梁进行不同工况下的静力分析,并运用弧长算法和非线性稳定算法,预测主梁结构的极限承载能力,通过上述有限元分析确定主梁承载裕量； (2)基于有限元分析结果,运用ANSYS-APDL语言及其优化设计模块,对主梁结构进行优化设计。以主梁自重轻量化为目标,以满足结构强度和刚度要求为约束条件,利用所建立的参数化模型,采用不同优化算法,对组合型主梁进行优化设计；优化结果表明在既定的安全裕量下结构的承载能力能够得到更好发挥,主梁自重减轻,且强度和刚度仍满足要求； (3)整合研究成果,开发完成“双小车桥式起重机主梁结构分析与优化设计平台”。基于MATLAB软件的图形用户界面开发环境,建立人机交互界面,通过在界面内对ANSYS软件的调用,实现主梁的参数化建模、极限承载能力预测和优化设计,并最终形成可独立运行的二次开发软件,为同类型起重机主梁的结构分析和优化设计提供操作简捷的软件平台。上述研究工作为不同类型起重机的主梁结构优化设计提供了理论和技术参考,对于提升轻量化设计水平和保障其安全、高效运行具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Lifting machinery is a very important auxiliary tool equipment in modern production. It is widely used in various fields of production activities. It is mainly used for lifting large span heavy objects, with the advantages of making full use of the space under the bridge frame, running smoothly, high safety and working efficiency, and easy to use. The main beam is the main component of crane. It plays a decisive role in the overall safety and economy of the crane. At present, there are some problems such as heavy structure and waste of materials in the main girder, which seriously affect the development and application of the double trolley bridge crane. In this paper, the combined main girder (steel plate and I-beam) of the double trolley crane is taken as the research object, the structure analysis and optimization design are carried out based on the finite element method, and the software development is completed. The main work is as follows:. 1) the three-dimensional parameterized model is established, and the finite element analysis of the main beam structure is carried out. Based on the idea of parameterized design, the three-dimensional parametric finite element model of the main beam structure is established. Fast modeling is realized by simple parameter control. Carry out the test research of crane under the load, verify the parameterized model; By using parameterized finite element model, the static analysis of main beam under different working conditions is carried out, and the ultimate bearing capacity of main girder structure is predicted by arc length algorithm and nonlinear stability algorithm. The bearing margin of the main beam is determined by the above finite element analysis. 2) based on the results of finite element analysis, ANSYS-APDL language and its optimization design module are used to optimize the design of the main beam structure, with the light weight of the main beam as the target. In order to meet the requirements of structural strength and stiffness, the optimal design of composite main beam is carried out by using the parameterized model and different optimization algorithms. The optimization results show that the load-bearing capacity of the structure can be better brought into play, the weight of the main beam can be reduced, and the strength and stiffness can still meet the requirements under the given safety margin. 3) integrate the research results, develop and complete the platform for structural analysis and optimization design of the main girder of the double-trolley crane. The graphical user interface development environment based on MATLAB software is established to establish the man-machine interface. By calling the ANSYS software in the interface, the parametric modeling of the main beam, the prediction of the ultimate bearing capacity and the optimization design are realized. Finally, the secondary development software which can run independently is formed. It provides a simple and convenient software platform for the structural analysis and optimization design of the same type crane girder. The above work provides a theoretical and technical reference for the optimization design of the main girder structure of different types of cranes. It is of great significance to enhance the level of lightweight design and ensure its safety and efficient operation.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TH215

【参考文献】