彩钢夹芯板房与救灾单帐篷防火间距的研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 21:02

本文关键词：彩钢夹芯板房与救灾单帐篷防火间距的研究　出处：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国是一个自然灾害频发的国家，每年因灾造成的经济损失多达千亿元人民币。灾害发生后，为满足灾民基本生活的需要，活动板房与帐篷是中短期内安置灾民较常采用的方式，当板房或帐篷进行大规模组团修建时，组团内的行与行之间及组团之间留置有一定的距离，以供灾民出行、防火、安全疏散及其它之用。在实际修建板房或帐篷组团时，常常发现就近很难找到足够多的空旷地方来搭建临时避难所，以至于在临时安置点常出现人员过分集中、交通不畅、防火间距不足等诸多现象，当火灾发生时，较小的间距很容易形成‘火烧连营’的场面，以致造成严重的次生灾害；反之，若防火间距过大，不仅不易满足在有限的空地上尽量安置更多灾民的要求，而且对土地资源及其它相关资源也是一种浪费。在我国现存的各种防火规范中，对于临时房屋安全防火间距的规定缺乏针对性与完善性，因此，在过去板房或帐篷组团修建时，多依照国外相关的一些防火规定及日常经验进行，明显缺乏科学性与合理性。本文在四川省消防总队、资阳市消防支队所提供EPS（聚苯乙烯）彩钢夹芯板房与民政部12m2救灾专用单帐篷实体火灾实验的基础上，采用计算机模拟的方法，首先分别对实验条件下的板房与帐篷火灾进行模拟验证，模拟值与实验测量值进行比较，平均相对误差较小，证明了模拟方法的正确性；之后，考虑到环境因素对房屋火灾影响很大及我国不同地区、不同气候区内气象条件差别较为显著的原因，在上述所建模型的基础上，，改变模拟条件，设定多种风速与环境温度进行正交组合，继续进行模拟，分别得出不同风速、不同环境温度下的彩钢夹芯板房与救灾帐篷火灾热辐射强度场、温度场及热释放速率数据；最后，以模拟数据为基准，并参考实验测量数据，采用线性回归的数据处理方法，拟合得出不同风速、不同环境温度下的板房与帐篷火灾安全防火间距计算公式，这些公式的相关性很好，可作为彩钢夹芯板房与帐篷组团修建时的科学依据，并为后续相关临时建筑防火规范的制定及修善提供重要参考。
[Abstract]:China is a country with frequent natural disasters, the economic losses caused by disasters are as high as 100 billion RMB each year. After disasters, to meet the basic needs of the victims. It is often used in the short and medium term to resettle the victims. When the houses or tents are built in large groups, there is a certain distance between the rows and the rows within the groups and between the groups. For victims to travel, fire prevention, safe evacuation and other purposes. In the actual construction of board houses or tents group, often find it difficult to find enough open space nearby to build temporary shelters, so that there is often excessive concentration of people in temporary settlements, traffic is not smooth. When the fire occurs, the small distance is easy to form the scene of "burning even camp", resulting in serious secondary disasters; On the other hand, if the distance between fire prevention is too large, it is not easy to meet the need to resettle as many victims as possible on the limited open space. And the land resources and other related resources are also a waste. In the existing fire prevention norms in China, for the temporary housing safety and fire spacing of the lack of pertinence and perfection, therefore. In the past, the building of board house or tent group was carried out in accordance with some relevant fire prevention regulations and daily experience of foreign countries, which was obviously lack of scientific and reasonable. This paper is based on the fire experiment of EPS (polystyrene) color steel sandwich panel room provided by Sichuan Provincial Fire Protection team and Ziyang Fire Detachment and 12m ~ 2 single tent for disaster relief of Ministry of Civil Affairs. By using the method of computer simulation, the fire of board house and tent under the experimental condition is simulated and verified respectively. The average relative error is smaller than that of the simulated value compared with the measured value. The correctness of the simulation method is proved. After that, considering the great influence of environmental factors on house fire and the obvious difference of meteorological conditions in different regions of China, the simulation conditions are changed on the basis of the above model. Set a variety of wind speed and environmental temperature orthogonal combination, continue to simulate, respectively, different wind speed, different ambient temperature of color steel sandwich panel room and disaster relief tent fire thermal radiation intensity field. Temperature field and heat release rate data; Finally, taking the simulation data as the benchmark and referring to the experimental data, the different wind speed can be obtained by using the linear regression data processing method. The calculation formulas of fire safety and fire prevention distance between panel house and tent under different ambient temperature have good correlation and can be used as the scientific basis for the construction of color steel sandwich panel house and tent. It also provides an important reference for the establishment and improvement of fire-proof codes for relevant temporary buildings.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU998.1

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