弹性设计理论解决高密度城市公共空间弹性问题的理论与应用探讨

发布时间：2018-01-23 01:24

本文关键词： 弹性设计高密度城市公共空间慢变量快变量　出处：《四川农业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经济全球化的飞速发展,带来人力、产业、信息、能源、资本等要素的集聚,而这些要素高度集聚的同时又有力地推进着城市的高速发展。特大城市的发展让人口进一步集中,这既创造了效率与多样性,也带来了不容忽视的社会、环境问题。高密度的城市空间形态增加了城市景观系统的负荷,造成城市“亚健康”,系统抗外界干扰能力降低。城市景观弹性迎来新的挑战。本文将高密度城市作为研究对象,运用弹性概念构建理论框架,以典型公共空间作为实体对象,探寻契合中国城市化发展背景下的高密度城市公共空间的生态、经济可持续性,并提出具备可操作性的景观设计途径。本研究首先在弹性理论基础上,结合高密度城市问题的应对策略,构建了高密度城市背景下的弹性景观设计研究框架。该框架分为问题分析、设计策略、设计途径3大步骤,可以利用它对高密度城市中的各大问题进行系统的分析与研究。问题分析从慢变量和快变量两方面对刺激城市弹性的因素进行研究,总结高密度环境下的城市弹性的所面临的问题。慢变量刺激是外力因素对城市施加的微弱的、逐步累积的刺激。慢变量的刺激可能导致城市弹性阈值的降低,引发城市“慢性病”,如气候变化、交通、产业结构调整等。快变量刺激是外力因素对城市施加的突发的、强烈的、具毁灭性的刺激,是城市突发的“急性病”,如自然灾害、疫情、恐怖袭击、战争。设计策略分别从应对慢变量刺激和应对快变量刺激两个方面进行探讨,对生态学、建筑学等学科的理论进行综合分析与论证。针对高密度下公共空间气候变化等“慢性病”问题产生原因,在慢变量刺激的应对策略上,分别从自然生境系统和人工行为系统两个方面进行探讨,指出在自然生境系统的弹性设计上应依据景观生态学的要求,充分利用GIS平台进行生态基础设施的构建。而在人工行为系统上,要着力于降低空间的知觉密度,发展TOD模式减轻城市交通压力,并在绿地系统中植入适宜的人工设施。在应对城市突发的“急性病”问题的快变量刺激应对策略的重中之重便是应急避难场所和逃亡通道的规划设计,另外,在绿地系统中植入都市农业。设计途径分为宏观尺度和微观尺度两个方面进行。宏观尺度的研究是对城市区域内的全部公共空间进行的综合的分析规划。微观尺度的公共空间研究具体到个体空间的具体设计建议。在宏观尺度上,首先应当构建好城市的生态安全格局,并在此基础上对绿地的功能进行专项规划。专项规划包括应对城市气候问题的规划,都市农业系统的构建,以及防灾绿的构建。这些专项规划均是针对高密度城市特有的城市问题所提出的。在微观尺度上的设计途径上包含两个方面,一个是加强空间的垂直建设和功能多样性设计,另一个是通过对空间细节的处理,减低人们的知觉密度。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of economic globalization brings about the agglomeration of elements such as manpower, industry, information, energy, capital and so on. The development of megacities makes the population more concentrated, which not only creates efficiency and diversity, but also brings a society that can not be ignored. Environmental problems. High density of urban space forms increased the load of urban landscape system, resulting in urban "sub-health". The anti-interference ability of the system is reduced, and the urban landscape elasticity meets new challenges. In this paper, the high-density city is taken as the research object, and the theoretical framework is constructed by using the concept of elasticity, and the typical public space is taken as the entity object. To explore the ecological and economic sustainability of high-density urban public space in the context of urbanization in China, and put forward an operable approach to landscape design. Firstly, this study is based on the elastic theory. The research framework of elastic landscape design under the background of high-density city is constructed, which is divided into three steps: problem analysis, design strategy and design approach. It can be used to systematically analyze and study the major problems in high-density cities. The problem analysis studies the factors that stimulate urban elasticity from the two aspects of slow variables and fast variables. This paper summarizes the problems of urban elasticity in high-density environment. Slow variable stimulation is a weak and cumulative stimulus imposed by external forces on the city. The slow variable stimulation may lead to the decrease of urban elasticity threshold. Causes urban "chronic diseases", such as climate change, traffic, industrial restructuring and so on. It is a sudden "acute disease" in a city, such as natural disaster, epidemic situation, terrorist attack, war. In view of the causes of chronic diseases such as climate change in public space under high density, the coping strategies of slow variable stimulation are put forward in the light of the comprehensive analysis and argumentation of the theories of architecture and other disciplines. This paper discusses the natural habitat system and the artificial behavior system, and points out that the elastic design of the natural habitat system should be based on the requirements of landscape ecology. We should make full use of the GIS platform to construct the ecological infrastructure, but in the artificial behavior system, we should focus on reducing the perceptual density of space and developing the TOD model to alleviate the urban traffic pressure. And put appropriate artificial facilities in the green space system. In response to the urban sudden "acute disease" problem, the most important priority of the rapid variable stimulus coping strategy is the emergency shelter and escape channel planning and design. Urban agriculture is implanted in the green space system. The design approach is divided into two aspects: macro scale and micro scale. The study of macro scale is a comprehensive analysis and planning of all public space in urban area. Research on the degree of public space specific to the individual space of the specific design recommendations. On a macro scale. First of all, we should construct the ecological security pattern of the city, and on this basis, the function of green space should be planned. The special planning includes the planning to deal with the urban climate problem and the construction of the urban agricultural system. And the construction of disaster prevention green. These special plans are aimed at the specific urban problems of high-density cities. There are two aspects in the design approach on the micro scale. One is to strengthen the vertical construction of space and the design of functional diversity, and the other is to reduce people's perceptual density by dealing with spatial details.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.113

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