三种典型污染物对超滤膜的污染研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 04:56

本文关键词： 超滤膜污染模型污染物腐殖酸海藻酸钠牛血清白蛋白　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水资源短缺与污染是我们所面临的最大威胁，尤其是水体污染问题，是现今需要我们亟待解决的最迫切的问题，因污染物种类的增多及消毒副产物的难去除，又饮用水水质标准的提高，在此背景下，超滤膜法水处理技术脱颖而出，但是超滤膜污染的存在阻碍着超滤技术的推广。在前人的研究基础上，以腐殖酸（HA）、海藻酸钠（SA）、牛血清白蛋白（BSA）为模型物质，，模拟原水中的腐殖质类、多糖类、蛋白质类污染物对超滤膜污染的影响，仅从污染物角度出发，不考虑原水中颗粒物、浊度、金属离子等影响，考察浓度及溶液化学条件变化对超滤膜通量下降、污染可逆性及污染阻力的影响，并且研究上述物质混合后对超滤膜污染的影响。本实验以实验室平板超滤膜装置进行系统的研究。利用超滤膜系统进行单种污染物的实验，系统考察了HA、SA、BSA经超滤膜后的截留率、浓度及溶液化学条件变化对超滤膜通量下降的影响并且分析引起污染的可逆性及对污染阻力的影响。实验结果表明：HA、SA、BSA经过超滤后均有较高的截留率；浓度的增大可以加重HA、SA、BSA对超滤膜的污染，浓度的增大使污染物在膜表面形成较厚的滤饼层以及使膜孔内部吸附的污染物增多；HA、BSA主要引起不可逆污染，SA主要引起可逆污染；溶液pH值的增大以及Ca2+浓度的增大可使HA、SA、BSA引起的超滤膜污染减弱；Na+浓度的升高使HA、BSA引起超滤膜污染减弱切并使SA引起的膜污染增大。利用超滤系统研究多种污染物共存时对超滤膜的污染情况。结果表明： HA与SA混合后对超滤膜的污染介于二者单独存在时对超滤膜的污染，即高于HA单独存在时的污染，低于SA单独存在时对超滤膜的污染；有HA的存在二者混合后不可逆污染增大。HA与BSA混合减轻了对超滤膜的污染；SA与BSA混合随着周期增加污染减轻； HA、SA、BSA三者混合后能够减轻对超滤膜的污染，有SA存在时可逆污染所占比例增大。本论文系统的研究了HA、SA、BSA对超滤膜的污染以及上述物质对超滤膜的复合污染行为，对超滤水处理技术的广泛推广及膜污染研究领域具有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:The shortage and pollution of water resources is the biggest threat to us, especially the water pollution, which is the most urgent problem to be solved now, because of the increase of the kinds of pollutants and the difficult removal of disinfection by-products. The improvement of drinking water quality standards, under this background, UF membrane water treatment technology stands out, but the existence of UF membrane fouling hinders the promotion of UF technology. The effects of humus, polysaccharides and proteins in raw water on ultrafiltration membrane fouling were simulated with humic acid, sodium alginate and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model material. The effects of concentration and solution chemical conditions on the flux, reversibility and resistance of ultrafiltration membrane were investigated only from the point of view of pollutants, without considering the effects of particulate matter, turbidity and metal ions in raw water. The effects of the above mentioned materials on the ultrafiltration membrane fouling were studied. The retention rate of HASAA BSA by ultrafiltration membrane was studied by using the ultrafiltration membrane system in the experiment of a single pollutant. The effects of concentration and solution chemical conditions on the flux of ultrafiltration membrane were analyzed and the reversibility of fouling and the influence on fouling resistance were analyzed. The retention rate of BSA was higher after ultrafiltration. The increase of concentration can aggravate the pollution of ultrafiltration membrane caused by BSA, and the increase of concentration can result in the formation of a thick filter cake layer on the membrane surface and the increase of pollutants adsorbed inside the membrane pore. BSA mainly caused irreversible pollution and SA mainly caused reversible pollution. The increase of pH value and the concentration of Ca2 can weaken the ultrafiltration membrane fouling. The increase of Na concentration resulted in the reduction of ultrafiltration membrane fouling induced by HABSA and the increase of SA-induced membrane fouling. The ultrafiltration system was used to study the pollution of ultrafiltration membrane when several pollutants existed. The results showed that the pollution of HA and SA on the ultrafiltration membrane was lower than that on the ultrafiltration membrane when the HA and SA existed alone. That is, it is higher than the pollution of HA alone and lower than that of SA alone. When HA and HA were mixed, the irreversible pollution increased. The mixture of HA and BSA alleviated the pollution of ultrafiltration membrane. The mixing of SA and BSA decreased with the increase of cycle. The mixture of BSA and HA can reduce the pollution of ultrafiltration membrane, and the proportion of reversible pollution in the presence of SA increases. In this paper, the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane and the compound pollution behavior of these substances to ultrafiltration membrane were studied systematically. It has certain guiding significance for the extensive popularization of ultrafiltration water treatment technology and the research field of membrane fouling.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU991.2

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