居住环境关联健康影响调查研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 08:52

本文关键词： 居住环境健康影响调查问卷四分图 SEM模型实测调查　出处：《大连理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人的大部分时间都在住宅内度过,居住环境和居住者日常生活密切相关,营造良好的居住环境不仅有利于提高居住者生活品质,同时还可以提高居住者的身体健康和精神健康。本课题来源于国家“十二五”科技支撑计划课题《室内健康环境表征参数及评价方法研究》,主要针对居住环境关联健康状况调查及健康影响评价模型构建等内容开展研究。通过对国内外健康住宅评价方法以及室内健康环境关联影响因素的文献调研,明确了本研究的主要研究思路及问题。本文采用问卷调查、理论研究以及入户实测调查的研究方法,重点开展了问卷调查设计和实施方法、调查数据统计方法、健康影响关联影响评价模型以及主观健康感觉与实际物理环境印证等问题的深入研究,主要研究内容及结论如下：首先,在国内外文献综述的基础上,结合中国国情,开展了《中国城乡居民居住环境关联健康影响问卷调查》,有效调查家庭分布全国27个省份728户家庭；调查内容包括建筑及其周边环境、居住者生活习惯、室内环境、家庭成员健康状况特别是儿童健康状况,共涉及82个调查问题,调查结果为完善居住环境关联健康影响因素的凝练提供了基础数据支撑。同时开展了居住环境关联健康影响问卷调查方法的研究,重点针对问卷整体设计、问卷效度和信度进行了研究,为进一步改善问卷调查的可靠性提供了理论基础。通过对调查数据的统计分析得到健康人群分别与出现SBS状况人群和呼吸道疾病症状人群的不同因素频率分布差异,确立居住环境健康消极因素。并且,通过对居住环境和健康状况的Logistic回归分析,得到居住环境中的健康危害因素,特别是儿童健康危害健康。其次,以关联健康影响模型构建为研究目的,开展了城乡居民对居住环境满意度和重要度的问卷调查。该调查以大连市某中学500户学生家庭为对象,从地域环境、住宅功能房间、健康状况三方面,重点调查了室外环境、交通出行方式、生活服务及医疗服务设施、居住者在不同住宅功能房间生活行为所包含的健康风险、身体和心理健康状况等方面进行了调查。对满意度调查问卷数据建立满意度-重要度四分图模型,结合优势比分析结果,得到目前居住环境需要改善和关注的健康影响因素为社区医疗设施、声环境、运动设施、治安、密集程度和住户交流。第三,通过对得到的居住环境影响因素的整理归类,确立居住环境健康评估模型的评估因素,建立了居住环境关联健康影响协方差(SEM)方程模型,由模型结果计算得到得到室内环境对身体健康权重为0.443,对精神健康的影响权重为0.224,社区自然环境对对室内环境的影响较大,二者关联度为0.87,社区自然环境对身体健康的影响权重为0.567,对精神健康的影响程度较大,影响权重为0.776,其中室外空气品质和绿地影响较为明显。最后,对沈阳十户家庭进行居住环境实测调查,进行实测参数和居住者主观感觉之间的对比分析,发现居住者对热湿环境和光声环境的期望和满意度较规范值范围更广。并且,通过对功能房间实测参数和生活方式以及居住环境的对比分析发现,温湿度波动变化受建筑通风、室外温湿度变化、建筑朝向、面积以及居住人员活动的影响,厨房和卫生间的相对湿度分别受烹饪和淋浴等活动影响。窗户的面积,窗帘均会影响室内自然采光照度,CO2浓度受房间换气状况影响较大。
[Abstract]:This thesis focuses on the research of the research on the health and mental health of the residents . The thesis mainly focuses on the research of the study on the health situation investigation and the health impact assessment model of the living environment . This thesis is based on the investigation , the theory research and the study method of the influence factors of the indoor health environment . The thesis mainly focuses on the research of the questionnaire design and the implementation method , the investigation data statistics method , the health impact assessment model , the subjective health feeling and the actual physical environment indication . The main research contents and conclusions are as follows : First , based on the literature review at home and abroad , according to the national conditions of China , a questionnaire survey was carried out to investigate 728 households in 27 provinces of China ' s urban and rural residents . Secondly , based on the analysis of the health risk , physical and mental health status of 500 students in a middle school in Dalian , the author investigated the health risks , physical and mental health conditions of the residential environment , the mode of travel , the living service and the medical service facilities in a middle school in Dalian . The health risk , physical and mental health status of the residents in different residential functions were investigated . Thirdly , through the collation of the factors of the environmental impact of the living environment , the evaluation factors of the living environment health assessment model are established , the influence weight of the environment on mental health is 0.443 , the influence weight of the community natural environment on the indoor environment is 0.47s , the influence degree of the community natural environment on the health is 0.567 , the influence weight of the community natural environment on the physical health is 0.776 , and the outdoor air quality and the green land influence are more obvious . In the end , the comparison between the measured parameters and subjective feeling of the living environment is carried out for ten households living in Shenyang , and it is found that the change of temperature and humidity is influenced by the activities of building ventilation , outdoor temperature and humidity , building orientation , area and living person ' s activities . The area and the curtain of the window affect the indoor natural lighting intensity , and the CO2 concentration is affected by the ventilation condition of the room .

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R126;TU83

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