针对特殊人群—盲人的公园设计研究

发布时间：2018-02-07 15:12

本文关键词： 盲人公园设计声景观嗅觉景观触觉景观　出处：《东北农业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前,城市公园中针对盲人这个特殊人群的设计更多的是放在物质的无障碍化和基础信息的无障碍化上,对景观的关注程度有所欠缺。而已有的基础信息和物质的无障碍化,由于设计、管理和社会意识等方面的原因还存在着形式主义、损毁严重、景观格局不完整等问题。评价一个社会文明程度的高低之时,其如何对待弱势群体通常是一个非常重要的衡量标准。因此,盲人弱势群体的城市公园设计理论的完善,不仅可以使他们的日常生活逐渐丰富,心理平衡,摆脱自卑感,还可以使他们与整个社会完美结合,促进全社会的和谐与稳定。本文首先运用文献资料分析法对盲人能感受到的声景观、嗅觉景观和触觉景观进行讨论；其次,对盲人进行问卷调查,分析盲人这个特殊人群的基本需求；再次,运用归纳演绎法将理论分析与问卷调查结果相融合,探讨出针对盲人的公园设计方法；最后,通过实例对本文的主要内容进行分析论证,为盲人公园的设计理论提供内容和方法的支撑,希望成为他人研究或应用的参考,让更多的盲人可以像健全人一样,在公园的使用上,享有同等的权利,使他们的文化生活更加丰富,促进社会和谐稳定。本文通过对针对特殊人群—盲人的公园设计进行理论及实践分析,以期得出以下结论： (1)盲人在心理上主要是对安全性、社交的需求,在生理上是对安静空间、规律性空间和较大尺度空间的需求。 (2)无障碍道路布局应简捷、连贯,并设置盲道和坡道帮助盲人导向和增加安全性。无障碍公共设施中,卫生设施的无障碍化包括设计无性别卫生间、第三性别卫生间或者在-般公共卫生间设置无障碍厕位；通过以语音标识为主结合盲文、具象触摸标识实现信息设施的无障碍化；木质休息设施受到广泛欢迎。 (3)盲人对景观主要倾向于声景观与嗅觉景观,对触觉景观的喜好程度明显低于上述二者；声景观的设计主要为自然声景的设计、人为声景的设计和对噪声的控制。嗅觉景观的设计要结合园路、人群停留较多的景观小品和花境展开,在设计过程中还要注意不同芳香植物之间的搭配和根据不同功能分区配置相应芳香植物的问题。触觉景观中硬质触觉景观可以通过不同硬质材料的应用形成不同形状、不同温度和不同质感的景观小品;软质触觉景观中水景的设计主要是考虑安全问题,抬高水面便于盲人触摸,植物景观通过形状特殊的植物叶片、树皮纹理和果实进行设计。 (4)结合国内已建成的上海辰山植物园盲人植物园和国外的伊丽莎白及诺娜·埃文斯康复花园,对本文主要研究内容：声景观、嗅觉景观、触觉景观、无障碍道路和无障碍公共设施的设计手法进行验证,结果证明可行。
[Abstract]:At present, the design of urban parks for blind people is more focused on the accessibility of materials and basic information, and the lack of attention to the landscape. Because of the problems of formalism, serious damage, incomplete landscape pattern and so on, such as design, management and social consciousness, etc. When evaluating the degree of civilization of a society, Therefore, the perfection of urban park design theory for blind vulnerable groups can not only enrich their daily life, psychological balance, and get rid of inferiority complex. Also can make them with the whole society perfect union, promotes the whole society the harmony and the stability. This paper first uses the literature analysis method to discuss the sound landscape, olfactory landscape and tactile landscape that the blind people can feel; secondly, questionnaire survey is conducted to analyze the basic needs of this special group of blind people. This paper uses inductive deduction method to combine the theoretical analysis with the result of questionnaire, and discusses the design method of park for blind people. Finally, the main contents of this paper are analyzed and demonstrated by examples. Providing support for the design theory of the park for the blind, hoping to become a reference for others to study or apply, so that more blind people can enjoy the same rights in the use of parks as healthy people. To enrich their cultural life and promote social harmony and stability. Based on the theoretical and practical analysis of the park design for the blind people, this paper aims to draw the following conclusions:. 1) the needs of the blind in psychology are mainly for safety and social, and physically for the quiet space, regular space and large scale space. (II) accessible roads should be simple, coherent and equipped with blind and ramps to help blind people guide and increase safety. In accessible public facilities, accessibility of sanitation facilities includes the design of gender-free bathrooms, The third sex toilet or in the general public toilet set up barrier-free toilet space; through voice identification mainly combined with Braille, figurative touch logo to achieve accessibility of information facilities; wood rest facilities are widely welcomed. 3) the blind people tend to the acoustic landscape and the olfactory landscape, and their preference for the tactile landscape is obviously lower than the above two, and the design of the acoustic landscape is mainly the design of the natural sound scene. The design of artificial sound scene and the control of noise. The design of olfactory landscape should be combined with the garden road. In the design process, attention should also be paid to the collocation of different aromatic plants and the allocation of corresponding aromatic plants according to different functional zones. In tactile landscapes, hard tactile landscapes can form different shapes through the application of different hard materials. The design of waterscape in soft tactile landscape is mainly concerned with safety issues, raising the water surface for the blind to touch, and the plant landscape is designed through the special shape of plant leaves, bark texture and fruit. (4) combined with the Blind Botanical Garden of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden and the Elizabeth and Jonah Evans Rehabilitation Garden abroad, the main contents of this paper are as follows: acoustic landscape, olfactory landscape, tactile landscape. The design methods of barrier-free roads and accessible public facilities are verified and the results show that they are feasible.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU986.2

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