新型正铲挖掘机构的构型和设计方法

发布时间：2018-02-11 07:18

本文关键词： 正铲挖掘机挖掘装载装置 D-H法水平推铲水平提升尺寸设计和优化挖掘图谱负载力图谱　出处：《燕山大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着国民经济的发展，我国大型水利水电工程、矿山开采、港口建设和市政基础设施建设项目逐年增加，同时投入力度不断加大，对大型的挖掘铲装设备的需求也不断增多，液压正铲挖掘机由于其具有承载能力大，作业效率高等优点越来越受到用户的青睐。正铲挖掘机的工作装置是完成挖掘动作的主要部分，然而，国内对于正铲挖掘机工作装置的研究和设计方法的资料较少，并受国外知识产权的垄断，构型单一。鉴于此，本文从机构创新的角度，提出了一种适合于正铲挖掘机的新型多连杆多环路机构，并对该机构进行了较为全面的设计和分析评价工作。本文按照机构选型——数学建模——尺寸确定——动力匹配——性能分析的流程进行研究。应用“平面12杆3自由度拓扑图图谱库”对正铲挖掘机机构进行了综合，并根据正铲挖掘机的运动和工作特性建立了若干条筛选原则，得到了一种合适的构型，对所选机构进行了运动学的分析和建模，得到了机构的位置解和速度解。介绍了不同斗容下正铲挖掘机工作装置主尺寸的设计方法，总结现有资料提供的设计数据，并据此确定了斗容为50m3正铲挖掘机主尺寸。根据正铲挖掘机的工作特点，以铲斗的水平提升和水平推铲过程中稳定性最佳为优化目标，，应用MATLAB遗传算法工具箱对挖掘机其他构件尺寸和铰点布置位置进行了尺寸优化设计。另外也优化了液压缸铰点位置，最终得到挖掘机工作装置的所有的尺寸。通过分析正铲挖掘机的工作方式，并结合挖掘限制力的概念，对新机构正铲挖掘机进行了力学建模，并重新定义了新机构挖掘机挖掘图谱的概念，并基于此提出了负载力图谱的概念。根据耦合机构的运动特征和负载力图谱对设计的新机构进行了液压缸的匹配，得到了三组液压缸的长度、缸径等参数。最后对所设计的新机构正铲挖掘机进行了性能分析，并与现有构型对比，证明其所具有运动学和力学上优点。
[Abstract]:With the development of national economy, large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects, mining, port construction and municipal infrastructure construction projects are increasing year by year, and the investment is increasing, and the demand for large-scale excavating and shovel equipment is also increasing. The hydraulic shovel excavator is more and more popular among users because of its advantages of large load capacity and high working efficiency. The working device of the forward shovel excavator is the main part of the excavating action, however, The domestic research and design method of the working device of the shovel excavator is less, and it is monopolized by foreign intellectual property rights. In view of this, from the point of view of institutional innovation, this paper focuses on the research and design of the working device of the shovel excavator. In this paper, a new type of multi-link multi-loop mechanism suitable for forward shovel excavator is proposed, and the design, analysis and evaluation of the mechanism are carried out. In this paper, according to the process of mechanism selection, mathematical modeling, size determination, dynamic matching and performance analysis, the mechanism of forward shovel excavator is synthesized by using "plane 12 bar 3 degrees of freedom topological map library". According to the motion and working characteristics of the shovel excavator, several screening principles are established, and a suitable configuration is obtained. The kinematics analysis and modeling of the selected mechanism are carried out, and the position and velocity solutions of the mechanism are obtained. This paper introduces the design method of the main dimension of the working device of the forward shovel excavator under different bucket capacities, summarizes the design data provided by the existing data, and determines the main dimension of the forward shovel excavator with a bucket capacity of 50 m3. According to the working characteristics of the forward shovel excavator, In order to optimize the stability of the bucket in the process of horizontal lifting and horizontal shovel, The MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox is used to optimize the dimensions of other excavator components and the location of hinge points. In addition, the location of hydraulic cylinder hinges is optimized, and all the dimensions of the excavator's working device are obtained. By analyzing the working mode of the backhoe excavator and combining the concept of the excavating limiting force, the mechanical modeling of the new mechanism forward excavator is carried out, and the concept of the excavating atlas of the new mechanism excavator is redefined. Based on this, the concept of load force map is put forward. According to the motion characteristics of coupling mechanism and load force map, the new mechanism is matched and the length of three groups of cylinders is obtained. Finally, the performance of the new mechanism forward shovel excavator is analyzed, and compared with the existing configuration, it is proved that it has the advantages of kinematics and mechanics.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU621

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