龙头式除氟净水器的设计及应用

发布时间：2018-02-12 15:55

  本文关键词： 净水器 饮用水 氟 羟基磷灰石 吸附　出处：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：氟是人体必需的微量元素之一，但如果摄入量过多会导致一类总称为“氟中毒”的疾病,表现为氟骨病、氟斑牙等等。长期摄入高剂量的氟更是会导致骨骼变形、疼痛，关节僵硬、钙化，行走困难，严重者可导致瘫痪。目前，我国仍有几千万人的饮用水氟浓度超标，对人体健康造成严重危害。而随着生活水平的提高，饮水安全意识的增加，人们对饮水安全问题更加关注，迫切需要提供安全、可靠的饮水卫生保障。 本文通过对龙头式除氟净水器的设计，，为家庭饮用水除氟提供了一种新型的净水装置。并对其除氟性能进行研究，重点考察了温度、反应时间、pH、共存离子等影响因素，以分析HAP滤材对氟的吸附规律，同时对羟基磷灰石材料的再生方式进行了研究。研究结果如下： (1)龙头式除氟净水器采用了羟基磷灰石过滤和载银活性炭抑菌的有机集成，其净水工艺：原水→羟基磷灰石过滤→载银活性炭→出水，可有效去除原水中的氟化物，抑制微生物生长，出水氟浓度小于l.0mg/L。 (2)随着水温的适当提高，羟基磷灰石的吸附量也会相应地增加；而在弱酸性的pH环境下，对羟基磷灰石的吸附是有利的；当pH=5.0时羟基磷灰石的吸附容量达到最大；在60分钟时羟基磷灰石的吸附反应基本趋于稳定；Cl、NO、SO等共存离子相对而言对氟离子的吸附干扰并不明显。抑菌实验表明，载银活性炭对无菌水的抑菌效果不低于60天。净水器进行连续过滤处理，出水水质均符合要求。 (3)采用物理、化学方法对滤料进行清洗，都能产生一定的再生效果。但仅依靠物理清洗只能使一部分污染物易从滤料表面上脱离下来，但不能使全部污染物去除。最佳的再生方式为在40℃条件下用1%的NaOH溶液的进行再生。
[Abstract]:Fluorine is one of the essential trace elements in the human body, but if the intake is excessive, it will lead to a class of diseases known as fluorosis, such as fluorine bone disease, fluorosis, dental fluorosis, etc. Long-term intake of high doses of fluoride will lead to bone deformation and pain. Stiff joints, calcification, difficulty in walking and severe paralysis can lead to paralysis. At present, there are still tens of millions of people in China whose drinking water fluoride concentrations exceed the standard, causing serious harm to human health. However, with the improvement of living standards, the awareness of drinking water safety increases. People pay more attention to drinking water safety and need to provide safe and reliable drinking water sanitation. In this paper, a new type of water purification device for household drinking water was provided by the design of the tap type defluorinated water purifier, and its defluorination performance was studied. The influence factors such as temperature, reaction time, pH value, coexistence ion and so on were investigated. In order to analyze the adsorption of fluorine on HAP filter material and to study the regeneration of hydroxyapatite material, the results are as follows:. The bibcock water purifier adopts the organic integration of hydroxyapatite filtration and silver-loaded activated carbon to inhibit bacteria. The process of purifying water is raw water. 鈫扝ydroxyapatite filtration. 鈫扴ilver loaded activated carbon. 鈫扵he effluent can effectively remove fluoride from raw water and inhibit microbial growth. The fluoride concentration in effluent is less than 1. 0 mg 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1). (2) with the increase of water temperature, the adsorption capacity of hydroxyapatite will increase correspondingly, and the adsorption capacity of hydroxyapatite will reach the maximum when the pH value is weak, and the adsorption capacity of hydroxyapatite is the highest when the pH is weak, and the adsorption capacity of hydroxyapatite increases with the increase of water temperature. After 60 minutes, the adsorption reaction of hydroxyapatite tended to be stable, and the interference of co-existing ions such as ClONOSO on the adsorption of fluorine ions was not obvious. The bacteriostasis effect of activated carbon loaded with silver on aseptic water was not less than 60 days. 3) cleaning the filter media by physical and chemical methods can produce certain regeneration effects. However, depending on physical cleaning, only some pollutants can be easily removed from the surface of the filter material. However, all the pollutants can not be removed. The best regeneration method is to regenerate with 1% NaOH solution at 40 鈩

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