城市透水性铺装系统对局地热湿气候调节作用的研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 05:05

本文关键词： 透水性铺装系统实验研究数值模拟热岛效应城市热环境　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市作为人口与经济发展的载体，随着21世纪人口和经济的快速增长，城市的规模和数量也在飞速激增。在这一过程中，城市化的发展导致了严重的城市热气候问题，带来诸如地表温度明显增高，与热有关的疾病发病率和死亡率增加，城市极端天气频出，增加城市能源消耗等一系列问题。因此对城市热环境问题的研究是关乎到人居环境、能源消耗、人身安全等一系列问题的关键。在现阶段城市中主要应用的不透水性铺装系统与城市高温化和热岛效应的形成有着强烈相关关系，由于其不透水性，在降雨时会使得城市径流增加，引发洪涝灾害。同时由于其无法将雨水下渗至地下，会损害城市水平衡，破坏城市生态环境。在酷热的夏天，其不透水性使得下垫面表面温度急剧升高，加剧了城市热岛效应的形成。由于现阶段的不透水性铺装系统对城市热环境带来的恶劣影响，迫切的需要一种能有效缓解热岛强度、改善城市热环境的下垫面，而透水性铺装系统则具有减少城市地表径流、创造良好交通环境、吸声降噪改善城市声环境及缓解城市热岛强度的作用。国内外目前针对透水铺装系统改善城市热湿气候的研究较少，本文在实验研究的基础上，结合数值模拟，针对透水性铺装系统与城市热湿气候的相互作用进行研究，主要包括以下几部分内容： 1．通过在室外进行的透水性铺装系统试样实验的研究方案，在室外真实气象条件下通过取部分试样对其进行内部和外部的完整测试，从而得到透水性铺装系统的温度、水分变化的数据，分析透水性铺装系统与城市局地热湿气候相互作用的影响，并为下一步数值模拟的验证提供比照数据。 2．在质量守恒和能量守恒原理的基础上，考虑到系统内部由于水分的传输和蒸发对系统能量平衡的影响，建立起透水性铺装系统与大气热湿交换的水热耦合模型。最后在建立的耦合水热模型基础上，编程开发出相应的计算模块，与第2章的实验结果进行比对分析，并对计算模块进行验证。 3．将已建立的透水性铺装系统与大气热湿交换的水热耦合计算模型作为一个子模块植入城市区域微气候与热平衡动态预测模型中，并应用植入后新的城市区域微气候与热平衡动态预测模型对夏热冬暖地区某实际住区的实际项目进行热湿环境的模拟分析，得到透水性铺装系统对局地热湿气候的调节作用。主要结果及结论及如下： 1．通过试样实验研究得到：在自然降雨条件下，透水性铺装系统内部碎石深层及土壤层随着自然降雨的不断持续，其含水率不断的增长，系统内部各层的温度自顶向下依次增大。在不同人工降雨条件下，降雨强度越大，雨水在系统内的入渗速度也越大，降雨后透水性铺装系统内部各层的温度波动越小。 2．通过将数值模拟结果与实测结果对比分析可知：该模型在温度和含水率的变化趋势及数值大小上均能够与实际结果保持一致，能够满足本课题研究的需要。 3．对比透水与不透水性铺装系统在实际小区的数值模拟可知：室外大气温度降低，室外含湿量升高，，对应下垫面的温度也降低，整体室外舒适性增加，人体热感觉良好；透水下垫面覆盖率的增加，室外温度逐渐降低，室外含湿量逐渐增加；对不同下垫面的组合对比分析得出，选择不同功用的下垫面类型进行设计和调整，可以达到缓解城市热岛，改善城市热气候的目的。
[Abstract]:As a carrier of population and economic development , the city ' s scale and quantity are exploding rapidly with the rapid increase of population and economy in the 21st century . In this process , the development of urbanization leads to a series of problems such as increased surface temperature , increased incidence of urban runoff and energy consumption . This paper studies the interaction between permeable pavement system and urban hot - humid climate on the basis of experimental research , and mainly includes the following parts : 1 . Through the research of the sample experiment of the water - permeable pavement system outdoors , the whole test of the internal and external parts of the water - permeable pavement system is carried out by taking part of the sample under the conditions of outdoor real weather , so as to obtain the data of the temperature and moisture change of the water - permeable pavement system , and analyze the influence of the water - permeable pavement system and the urban bureau geothermal wet climate interaction , and provide the comparison data for the verification of the next numerical simulation . 2 . Based on the principle of mass conservation and energy conservation , considering the effect of water transmission and evaporation on energy balance in the system , a water - thermal coupling model of water - permeable pavement system and atmospheric hot - wet exchange is established . Finally , based on the established coupled hydrothermal model , a corresponding calculation module is developed , compared with the experimental results in chapter 2 , and the calculation module is verified . 3 . The water - thermal coupling calculation model of the established water - permeable pavement system and the atmospheric hot - wet exchange is used as a sub - module to be implanted into the urban regional micro - climate and thermal equilibrium dynamic prediction model , and the simulation analysis of the hot - wet environment of the real project in the summer - hot winter warm area is carried out by using the new urban regional micro - climate and thermal equilibrium dynamic prediction model after implantation , and the adjustment effect of the water - permeable pavement system on the local hot - humid climate is obtained . The main results and conclusions are as follows : 1 . Through the experimental study of samples : under the condition of natural rainfall , the deep and soil layers inside the permeable pavement system gradually increase with the increasing of natural rainfall , the water content of each layer in the system increases successively , and the higher the rainfall intensity , the greater the infiltration speed of the rainwater in the system , the smaller the temperature fluctuation of each layer in the water - permeable pavement system after rainfall . 2 . By comparing the numerical simulation results with the measured results , it can be concluded that the model can be consistent with the actual results in terms of temperature and moisture content , and can meet the needs of the research of the subject . 3 . Comparing the numerical simulation of the water - permeable and non - permeable pavement system in the actual cell , the outdoor air temperature is reduced , the outdoor moisture content is increased , the temperature of the corresponding lower cushion surface is also reduced , the overall outdoor comfort is increased , the temperature of the outdoor humidity is good , the outdoor temperature is gradually decreased , the outdoor moisture content is gradually increased , and the combination comparison analysis of different underlying surfaces results in that the design and adjustment of the lower cushion surface type with different functions can be selected , so that the purpose of relieving the urban heat island and improving the urban heat climate can be achieved .

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU119

【参考文献】