形态类型视角下20世纪初以来广州住区特征与演进

发布时间：2018-02-20 00:32

本文关键词： 城市形态学建筑类型学形态类型形态特征演进广州住区　出处：《华南理工大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：以德国形态生成研究传统为基础的城市形态学研究带有浓厚的历史性特征,而以意大利设计类型学为基础的建筑类型学研究则深刻揭示了各种建成空间之间的类型关系。两者是西方认知社会经济转变背景下城市形态演变的重要方法,而且,都从时空维度进行分析,并划分出各种空间单元或模块来认知形态的特征。两者可以通过融合,形成形态类型分析法。该方法以城市形态学的分析性和概念性认知框架来理解形态的结构与特征(物理性质),配合类型学中演进的观点来审视这些形态形成与变化的逻辑关系(人文性质)。简而概之,就是一种“形态解读为外,类型认知为内”的分析法。本次研究的对象是20世纪初以后广州市所建设的住区。应用的分析法是经过调整的形态类型分析法,调整时结合了广州市的社会经济背景与历史资料情况。建筑类型和地平面类型是该分析法的两大研究要素,通过它们可以认知住区的形态类型特征。本文分为两大部分:第一部分为各种住区形态类型的特征的分析,即本文的第三章到第五章,三个篇章按照时间段划分,分别是1911到1949年,1950到1979年以及1980至今;第二部分为第六章,分析各种形态类型在时空维度上的演进规律。第三章分析了1911到1949年期间,在土地私有制为主的背景下建设的竹筒屋联排住区,青砖大屋住区、骑楼屋联排住区以及红墙别院住区的形态特征以及其形成特征。前三种是由于建筑类型差异而产生的住区形态类型,第四种和前三种在建筑类型与地平面类型上都存在差异。然而,这些住区都是传统式建造经验的实体投影,各种类型的住区形态能统一协调地互相共存。第四章分析了1950到1979年期间,在土地无偿无期使用背景下建造的行列式集合住区,知识分子住区以及华侨新村的形态类型特征。50年代建造的行列式集合住区与60到70年代建造的存在建筑形式上的差异。而知识分子住区是行列式集合住区的高标准形态。华侨新村是当时有且仅有的高标准住区,集合住宅与独院式住宅都完美地组织在同一个住区中。这些住区是政府导向建造经验的实体投影,具有均质趋同的特征。第五章分析了1980年至今,在土地有偿有期使用背景下建造的港式庭院住区、混合住区、高层花园住区以及城区花园住区。当市场机制被引入到住房建设过程后,住区的形态变得多元化。这种多元化体现在塑造者根据住区位置、市场需求、住区品质定位,灵活组合各种建筑类型与地平面类型。各个住区之间形成一种多元拼贴的状态,而这些都是市场导向建造经验的实体投影结果。第六章则分析各种住区形态类型的演变规律。在时间的维度,定位各种建筑类型,地平面类型,以及由两者构成的形态类型,并以此为基础分析出各种住区形态类型历史演变规律。当把各种形态类型的实例定位于特定研究范围之内,则可以认知各种形态类型在地理位置上的扩展情况。通过一些城市更新活动的实例,也可以理解新的住区形态如何替代原有的,以及该过程所产生的影响。通过以上分析,基本可以得知近百年来广州住区的建设过程可划分为三个形态类型阶段。其中,应用了三种居住单元平面形式和两种地平面类型,而且住区形态类型的演变受到西方建造经验的深刻影响着。通过广州住区形态类型的实例研究,也揭示出形态类型分析法的逻辑要点以及在认知形态生成到演变的积极作用。
[Abstract]:In order to study the morphology of the city forms the German tradition as the foundation with a strong historical characteristic, between research reveals various in Italy design typology based architectural typology of built space. The two types of relations is an important method for evolution of city form the background of the transformation of social economy and the Western cognitive, are from the analysis of temporal and spatial dimensions, and divided into various space units or modules to form cognitive characteristics. Both can be formed by fusion, morphological type analysis method. In this method, analytical and conceptual framework of cognitive city morphology to understand the structure and characteristics of morphology (physical properties), with the evolution of typological point of view the formation of the form of logical relationship and change (human nature). In general, is a form of interpretation, analysis type cognition ". The object of study is the residential area after the beginning of the twentieth Century Guangzhou city construction. Analysis method is used to adjust the types after morphological analysis, combined with the adjustment of social economic background and historical data in Guangzhou city. The building type and plane type is the two major research elements of the analysis, through which they can form the type of cognitive characteristics of residential district. This paper is divided into two parts: the first part is the analysis of various types of live features, namely the third chapter to the fifth chapter, the three chapter according to the time division, respectively, from 1911 to 1949, 1950 to 1979, 1980 present; the second part is the sixth chapter, analysis of the evolution of law of various types in the temporal dimension. The third chapter analyzes the period of 1911 to 1949, mainly in the private ownership of land under the background of the construction of the bamboo house townhouse residential brick house, residential area, residential platoon arcade house The morphology and the walls don't the hospital stay area and the formation characteristics. The first three are residential types due to the difference of the fourth types of buildings, and the first three in the building type and plane type are different. However, these settlements are traditional entity projection construction experience, a variety of the type of residential area can form a unified and coordinated mutual coexistence. The fourth chapter analyzes the determinant of the period of 1950 to 1979, built on land use under the background of unpaid time collection of residential area, residential area and the overseas Chinese village intellectuals form.50 type characteristics built in the residential area and 60 to set the determinant of existing architectural forms built in 70s the difference between the intellectuals. The living area is set high standard form determinant in residential district. At that time, and the overseas Chinese village is the only high standard residential area, residential and residential house are perfectly in the same organization A residential area. The residential district is the government oriented experience of building entity projection, with characteristics of homogeneous convergence. The fifth chapter analyzes since 1980, in the land there is a fee to Hong Kong style courtyard construction period under the background of mixed residential area, residential area, high-rise residential area and Garden City Garden residential area. When the market mechanism was introduced into the process of housing construction, residential morphology has become diversified. This diversity is reflected in the shape according to the residential location, market demand, residential quality positioning, flexible combination of plane type of various kinds of buildings and land. All live a pluralistic collage state forming region, and these are the real projection results market oriented construction experience. The sixth chapter analysis the evolution of all kinds of residential types. In the dimension of time, location of various types of construction, the ground plane type, and by combining the morphological types, and on this base The basic analysis of a variety of live evolution history. When the area types of various types of positioning within the scope of the study of specific examples, it can be extended to various types of cognition in geographical position. Through some examples of city renewal activities, also can understand the new residential form to replace the original, and the effect of the production process. Through the above analysis, the basic can be nearly 100 years of construction of the residential district of Guangzhou can be divided into three types. Among them, using three kinds of residential units and two kinds of plane plane type, and the evolution of residential types by western construction experience a profound impact. The Guangzhou case study area forms, which also reveals the logical points of analysis and types of positive effects in the evolution of cognitive form.

【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.12

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