江西古书院园林研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 02:09

本文关键词： 书院书院园林江西书院选址园林要素造园　出处：《江西农业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：书院是我国封建社会特有的一种文化教育组织，其教育形式既有别于官学和私学，同时又源于两者。书院兴起于唐朝，到了宋朝得以盛行，发展至明清时期便广为普及。作为综合性的教育组织，书院在长期的发展中完备了“教学、藏书、祭祀”三大功能，并一直受到宗教文化的强烈影响，有着深厚的文化底蕴。书院园林的建造深受我国传统园林的影响，在环境选择以及空间营造中形成独具特色的园林形式，并散发着独特的艺术魅力。江西的书院在历史上颇有地位，不仅数量众多，部分书院在全国范围内都负有名望。江西古书院园林在文人园林的基础上融合了多种文化，其建造的形式也表现出多样的文化特征。江西古书院园林在选址中特别重视自然环境的优劣，表现为对名山胜水的热衷，同时也深受宗教文化以及古代堪舆文化的影响。在空间布局上遵循着儒家“礼乐相承”的价值思想以及“因地制宜”的环境观，其空间形态表现为主从分明、内外有序、规则内敛的特征。江西古书院园林在造园要素的设计上除了满足一定的功能与观赏的需求外，更增加了文化意境的隐喻，着重表达了其文化内涵。书院采用了多种传统园林的理景手法，主要包括空间对比、引导暗示、借景、框景、对景等，丰富其空间的趣味性。江西古书院园林所营造的淡雅质朴的环境，更加强调了文人淡泊尘世的人生态度以及托物言志的高雅情趣。本文通过文献查阅、实地调研等方法，对书院及书院园林的概念加以诠释，并对书院的起源发展以及江西古书院的历史沿革进行了梳理。对影响江西古书院选址的环境因素、文化因素、自然因素进行分析，，从而更全面的把握书院园林的本质特征；在江西古书院园林的空间研究中，分别从空间构成、形态特征、布局特点进行了比较分析；由书院园林中山水、建筑、植物、道路铺装、竖向、景观构筑物六大造园要素着手，分析其造园的一般规律；对其理景手法的应用进行归纳研究，总结其园林艺术之个性。最后对江西古书院园林造园的一般特点及规律进行总结，希望借此研究能够为现代园林规划设计给予启示。
[Abstract]:Academy of Classical Learning is a special cultural and educational organization in feudal society of our country. Its educational forms are different from both official and private schools, but also originate from both. The academy rose in the Tang Dynasty and became popular in the Song Dynasty. During the period of Ming and Qing dynasties, the academy, as a comprehensive educational organization, had three functions of "teaching, collecting books and offering sacrifices," and was strongly influenced by religious culture. The construction of academy garden is deeply influenced by the traditional garden in our country. It forms the unique garden form in the environment choice and the space construction, and exudes the unique artistic charm. The academies in Jiangxi have a very important position in history, not only in a large number, but also in a number of academies, some of which are famous throughout the country. The gardens of Jiangxi ancient academies have a variety of cultures on the basis of literati gardens. The forms of its construction also showed a variety of cultural characteristics. Jiangxi ancient academy gardens paid special attention to the advantages and disadvantages of the natural environment in the site selection, which was manifested by the keen interest in famous mountains and rivers. At the same time, it is also deeply influenced by religious culture and ancient geographical culture. In the space layout, it follows the Confucian value thought of "courtesy and music bearing on each other" and the environmental view of "taking measures according to local conditions". The design of the garden elements of Jiangxi ancient academy not only meets the demand of certain function and appreciation, but also increases the metaphor of cultural conception. The academy has adopted a variety of traditional landscaping techniques, including spatial contrast, guidance and suggestion, landscape borrowing, frame view, landscape contrast, etc. The simple and elegant environment created by Jiangxi ancient academy garden emphasizes the literati's indifferent attitude towards life and the elegant taste of antiquities. Through literature review, field investigation and other methods, this paper interprets the concepts of academies and gardens, combs the origin and development of academies and the historical evolution of Jiangxi ancient academies, and analyzes the environmental factors that affect the location of ancient academies in Jiangxi. Cultural factors and natural factors are analyzed in order to grasp the essential characteristics of academy gardens more comprehensively. In the space research of Jiangxi ancient academy gardens, the characteristics of space composition, form characteristics and layout are compared and analyzed respectively. From the college garden landscape, architecture, plants, road pavement, vertical, landscape structure six major elements of landscape, analysis of its general rules of gardening, the application of landscape management techniques are summarized, Finally, the author summarizes the general characteristics and rules of the garden construction in Jiangxi ancient academy, and hopes that the study can be used as an inspiration for the planning and design of modern gardens.
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU-098.4

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