基于建筑外立面开口、采光及自然通风相互作用的节能模拟方法研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 10:39

本文关键词： 建筑外立面开口天然采光传热自然通风综合模型计算机模拟 Matlab程序　出处：《南京大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：建筑外立面的开口形式对天然采光、传热以及自然通风均有较大影响。传统上建筑师关于建筑外立面开口形式的考虑主要偏重于审美角度,随着社会对能源和环境问题的逐渐重视,建筑外立面开口形式设计与建筑室内光热环境之间的关系构成一个值得深入研究的课题。然而在建筑设计过程中如何有效的利用太阳能及自然通风并设计出真正意义上的低能耗建筑对与建筑师而言却构成挑战。本研究的目的是从设计可操作性的角度探索低能耗建筑设计的形式语言,并依据建筑方案设计阶段的分析要求,探索进行建筑外立面开口形式光热综合分析的高效分析路径,为设计阶段实现多目标综合控制提供了有效的途径。论文依据建筑方案设计阶段的分析要求,通过对现有天然采光、传热以及自然通风理论模型性能优缺点的比较,构建了适用于本研究需要的光—热综合分析理论模型,并利用Matlab软件开发了具有互动式操作界面的建筑全环境自动分析软件-Datsim,解决了该理论分析模型的操作层面问题。研究利用Datsim与现有模拟软件的计算结果以及实验结果的比较,为建筑方案设计阶段分析过程的参数控制制定了一系列操作原则,最后通过1151组的设计实验分析从应用层面验证了本研究分析路径的有效性,并提出了一些初步的设计控制结论。研究结果表明通过采光系数模型和多区域网络空气流动模型与能耗软件的耦合计算更适合于本课题对计算精度及效率的要求,而并非通过目前采光及自然通风分析领域最为精确的Radiance模型和CFD模型与传热模型进行耦合计算。在利用多区域网络空气流动模型进行建筑外立面开口形式的自然通风分析时,需要采用非均匀的立面风压系数作为立面自然通风口处边界条件,以准确计算立面开口形式及位置的变化影响。对于非均匀立面风压系数边界条件的获取,本研究经过对现有方法的效能分析以及设计案例的验证认为：对于具有很强不确定性的建筑设计方案的分析,CFD法是目前唯一较为有效的方法。针对论文中所构建的综合分析模型,本研究利用Matlab软件开发了相应的建筑全环境自动分析软件DatSim.该分析软件平台可以自动建立建筑围护结构几何形态数据及边界条件数据,调用Energyplus及Fluent软件核进行全年的天然采光、传热及自然通风的综合模拟计算,并进行模拟结果的自动分析和数据的联动显示,为本课题进行建筑外立面开口形式规律的分析打下了坚实的基础,也为计算机辅助建筑设计提供了有效的发展途径。基于DatSim,论文通过对1151种开口形式变化模拟结果表明面积变化是同时对天然采光、传热以及自然通风均有较大影响的设计参数,在设计过程中需要细致考虑。从光热综合角度考虑,南向窗墙面积比应控制在25%到40%之间。北向建筑立面的窗墙面积比为20%左右。在室外无遮挡条件下,当窗墙面积比大于30%时,基本可以不考虑水平位置的设计变化对天然采光的影响。水平位置变化对传热及自然通风的影响基本可以忽略,其采暖及空调能耗变化幅度均在5%以内。在室外存在遮挡条件下,为保持较高的天然采光量,窗体边缘距离遮挡物的水平距离应控制在遮挡物凸出墙体长度的1/2以上。对于垂直位置,南向窗体垂直位置应控制在墙体中部,北向立面的窗体垂直位置应控制在立面的2/3左右。
[Abstract]:Open type building facade of natural lighting, natural ventilation and heat transfer has great influence on the traditional architect. On facade opening forms to consider the main emphasis on the aesthetic point of view, with the increasing emphasis on social energy and environmental problems, the relationship between the facade opening form between the design and building indoor environment constitute a worthy of further study. However, in the architectural design process to the effective use of solar energy and natural ventilation and design challenges of low energy building in the true sense of the architect and form. The purpose of this study is to design from the operational point of view to explore the low energy building design in the form of language, and based on the analysis of construction project the design stage, explore the effective analysis path of building facade opening form the photothermal comprehensive analysis for the design stage, to achieve multi It provides an effective way of comprehensive control. Based on the analysis of the target architecture design phase requirements, based on the existing natural lighting, heat transfer and the comparison of advantages and disadvantages of the performance model of natural ventilation, is constructed in this study the optical and thermal comprehensive analysis model, and developed with interactive operation interface by using Matlab software the building environment automatic analysis software -Datsim to solve the problem of theoretical analysis of operational level model. The comparison between the calculated results and the existing Datsim simulation software and experimental results, for the construction project design phase analysis parameter control process has formulated a series of principles of operation, and finally through the design of experiment 1151 group effectiveness analysis this study analyzes the path to verify the application level, and put forward some preliminary conclusions. The results show that the design of control by lighting The calculation is more suitable for this research on the computational accuracy and efficiency requirements of the coupling coefficient model and multi zone network model of air flow and energy consumption of the software, and not through the current field of lighting and natural ventilation for the analysis of Radiance model and CFD model and heat transfer model for precise coupling calculation. Analysis of natural ventilation in the area of the air network the flow model of the building facade opening form, requires the use of non uniform elevation wind pressure coefficient as a facade natural vents at the boundary condition, to accurately calculate the elevation change on the form and position of the ring opening. For non uniform elevation of wind pressure coefficients of the boundary conditions, this study verified the analysis of existing methods and effectiveness of design case the analysis is that: the architectural design is very strong uncertainty, the CFD method is the only effective needle. Comprehensive analysis of constructing this model, this study uses Matlab software development environment of the corresponding building full automatic analysis software DatSim. the analysis software platform can automatically establish building envelope geometry data and boundary condition data, natural lighting to call Energyplus and Fluent software core for the whole year, calculating the comprehensive simulation of heat transfer and natural ventilation, and linkage automatic analysis and data simulation results show that the solid foundation for the analysis of the subject building facade opening form of the law, but also provides the effective way for the development of computer aided architectural design. Based on DatSim, based on the 1151 opening form change simulation results show that the area change is at the same time for natural lighting, natural ventilation and heat transfer parameters have great influence, need careful consideration in the design process from the light. Comprehensive consideration, the south window wall area ratio should be controlled at 25% to 40%. The North facade of the window wall area ratio is about 20%. No shelter for outdoor conditions, when the window wall area ratio is larger than 30%, the basic design can not consider the change of horizontal location on daylighting effect influence. The horizontal position changes on the heat transfer and natural ventilation can be ignored, the heating and air conditioning energy consumption changes were less than 5%. In the existing outdoor shaded conditions, to maintain a high amount of natural lighting, form edge distance covering horizontal distance should be controlled in the above block material protrusion of the wall length 1/2 for the vertical position. The south, form vertical position should be controlled in the central North wall, to form a vertical position should be controlled in the facade of the facade of the 2/3.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU113.5;TU834.1

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