历史建筑密集区抗震防灾安全体系研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 21:31

本文关键词： 历史建筑密集区抗震防灾安全体系　出处：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：历史建筑密集区是承载着城市历史和地域文化的集中区域,具有极高的保护价值,同时,这些地区经过了漫长岁月的侵蚀,抗震防灾能力非常脆弱。而中国的地震活动十分广泛,6级以上地震几乎遍布全国,自2008年起,中国大陆地区再次进入地震活跃期,强震频发。地震在造成大量人员伤亡与财产损失的同时,使众多历史建筑密集区遭受严重破坏,无数的历史建筑和历史街区遭受灭顶之灾,造成了不可弥补的损失。地震灾害突发性强、预测难度大,虽然无法避免,但可以通过合理的人为干预将地震灾害对历史建筑密集区的破坏降低到最小。因此,强化历史建筑密集区抵抗地震灾害的能力,提升其综合防御水平,对保障其持久安全的生存和发展至关重要。本研究是国家自然科学基金项目“基于动态模拟下的历史建筑密集区综合安全体系研究”(项目号:51178297)课题中的一部分。通过对近年来中国大陆地震灾害资料的收集整理,结合我国历史建筑密集区的分布特点和抗震防灾能力现状进行关联性研究,而后通过对日本传统建造物群保存地区抗震防灾规划体系的分析和借鉴,提出针对中国历史建筑密集区的较为系统和全面的抗震防灾安全体系,以期为历史建筑密集区的抗震防灾工作提供更加科学的指导。本文首先对研究所涉及的历史建筑密集区进行范围上的界定与分类,明确研究对象,并对抗震防灾的相关基础概念进行阐述与研究;其次,总结了地震灾害发生的时空规律,以及地震次生灾害的诱发原因和影响因素,对比我国历史建筑密集区的分布情况,讨论哪些地区的历史建筑密集区更容易受到地震灾害的侵袭,以及地震灾害对其造成的损害影响;接着对日本传统建造物群保存地区的抗震防灾体系进行研究,通过对日本的防灾观、抗震防灾规划法律体系与管理体制、保存地区的抗震防灾规划体系内容的分析论述,总结出对中国历史建筑密集区抗震防灾的启示与借鉴意义;而后,根据以上基础研究,对历史建筑密集区的抗震防灾安全体系进行构建,并对灾害预防、灾害应急、灾后修复及管理体系的具体内容作详细阐述;最后,以天津鞍山道历史文化街区为例,对其街区历史文化内涵与抗震防灾安全现状进行调查研究,进而建立有针对性的抗震防灾安全体系。
[Abstract]:Historic buildings are concentrated areas of urban history and regional culture. They are of great conservation value and have been eroded for a long time. The ability of earthquake resistance and disaster prevention is very fragile. However, earthquake activity in China is very widespread. Earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above have been almost spread throughout the country. Since 2008, the Chinese mainland has once again entered a period of seismic activity. Strong earthquakes occur frequently. While the earthquake caused a large number of casualties and property losses, it caused serious damage to many historic buildings, and destroyed countless historical buildings and historic neighborhoods. It caused irreparable losses. Earthquake disasters are sudden and difficult to predict. Although they cannot be avoided, the damage caused by earthquake disasters to historical buildings can be minimized through reasonable human intervention. Strengthening the ability of historical buildings to resist earthquake disasters and improving their comprehensive defense level, This research is a part of the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Research on the Comprehensive Security system in the Historic Building concentrated area based on dynamic Simulation" (project No.: 51178297). Through the collection and collation of earthquake disaster data in mainland China in recent years, Based on the study of the distribution characteristics and the present situation of earthquake resistance and disaster prevention in the concentrated areas of historical buildings in China, the paper analyzes and draws lessons from the analysis and reference of the earthquake resistant and disaster prevention planning system in Japan's traditional building group preservation areas. This paper puts forward a systematic and comprehensive safety system for earthquake resistance and disaster prevention in China's historical buildings. In order to provide more scientific guidance for the seismic prevention work in the historical buildings concentrated areas, this paper first defines and classifies the historical buildings concentrated areas involved in the research, and defines the research object. Secondly, it summarizes the space-time rule of earthquake disaster occurrence, the causes and influencing factors of secondary earthquake disaster, and compares the distribution of China's historical building concentrated area, which is related to the basic concepts of seismic disaster prevention and prevention, and then summarizes the space-time rule of earthquake disaster occurrence, and the causes and influencing factors of secondary earthquake disaster. To discuss which areas with concentrated historical buildings are more vulnerable to the earthquake disaster and the damage caused by the earthquake disaster, and then to study the seismic disaster prevention system in the areas where the traditional building mass in Japan is preserved. Based on the analysis and exposition of Japan's view on disaster prevention, the legal system and management system of anti-earthquake and disaster prevention planning, and the contents of seismic disaster prevention planning system in preserved areas, the enlightenment and reference significance to the anti-seismic disaster prevention system in China's historical building concentrated areas are summarized. According to the above basic research, the seismic disaster prevention safety system in the historical building concentrated area is constructed, and the specific contents of disaster prevention, disaster emergency, post-disaster restoration and management system are elaborated in detail. Taking the historical and cultural district of Anshan Road in Tianjin as an example, this paper investigates and studies the historical and cultural connotation of the block and the present situation of the anti-seismic and disaster prevention safety, and then establishes a targeted anti-seismic and disaster prevention safety system.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.116

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