岩石受力灾变的声发射与红外辐射特征实验研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 08:30

本文关键词： 岩石力学声发射红外辐射水　出处：《河北联合大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国是岩石受力灾变引发矿山灾害的多发与频发国家，水是影响上述灾害发生的重要因素，岩石受力灾变监测预警是其防灾减灾的关键。围绕与水有关的岩石破裂灾害问题，以实验研究为基本手段，通过干燥、自然、自然饱和状态下的粉砂岩、花岗岩、玄武岩单轴声发射与红外辐射观测分析实验，比较分析了在不同含水状态下岩石破坏过程声发射特征与红外辐射特征的异同。在此基础上对声发射事件率与绝对能量之间的关系进行了皮尔逊积矩相关系数统计，对红外观测面的红外辐射最高温度和最低温度进行了归一化分析，结合场发射扫描电子显微镜得到的岩石微观结构信息，对三种岩石的力学、声发射、红外辐射特征与其结构的关系进行了分析，得到以下结论： 1）多孔状粉砂岩的单轴抗压强度随含水量的增大急剧降低，整体结构玄武岩缓慢下降，而层状结构花岗岩受其层理结构的影响更为明显。 2）花岗岩、玄武岩三种状态下声发射事件率都存在平静期，且其存在时间占破坏全过程时间的比例都会随含水量的增加而减少。粉砂岩在干燥状态下存在较短的平静期，自然与自然饱和状态下均无平静期。多孔状态粉砂岩与整体结构玄武岩平静期总体偏短。 3）三种岩石的破裂都是由大破裂导致的，微破裂只是其诱导因素。 4）三种岩石都适合用最高辐射温度表现其红外辐射特征，且随含水量增大同种岩石红外辐射特征趋同性增强。 5）干燥粉砂岩、自然花岗岩红外指数符合一次曲线特征；干燥、自然玄武岩及干燥花岗岩红外指数符合二次曲线特征；自然状态粉砂岩红外指数符合傅里叶级数方程；自然饱和状态的粉砂岩、花岗岩、玄武岩的红外指数曲线特征复杂，但各自趋势明显；红外指数偏离曲线趋势的特征预示岩石即将破坏。 6）对三种岩石的灾变预测结合力学、声发射及红外指数三种方法，可以提高预测的精度及准度。研究得到的岩石破裂失稳过程中的声发射、红外辐射特征及其相互关系，水对岩石破裂失稳过程声发射与红外辐射特征的影响，能为矿山灾害和岩石工程灾害的监测、预警提供理论与技术基础。
[Abstract]:China is a country with frequent mining disasters caused by rock stress disasters. Water is an important factor affecting the occurrence of the above-mentioned disasters. Monitoring and early warning of rock stress disasters is the key to its disaster prevention and mitigation. Based on the experimental study, the experiments of uniaxial acoustic emission and infrared radiation analysis of siltstone, granite and basalt in dry, natural and naturally saturated state are carried out. The characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) and infrared radiation (IR) during rock failure under different water-bearing conditions are compared and analyzed. On this basis, the correlation coefficient of Pearson moment between AE event rate and absolute energy is calculated. In this paper, the maximum and lowest infrared radiation temperatures of infrared observation surface are normalized analyzed, and the mechanical and acoustic emission of three kinds of rocks are studied by combining the microscopic structure information of rock obtained by field emission scanning electron microscope. The relationship between infrared radiation characteristics and its structure is analyzed, and the following conclusions are obtained:. 1) the uniaxial compressive strength of porous siltstone decreases sharply with the increase of water content, and the whole structure basalt decreases slowly, while the layered granite is affected more obviously by its bedding structure. 2) under the three states of granite and basalt, the acoustic emission event rate has a quiet period, and the proportion of the time of its existence to the whole process of destruction decreases with the increase of water content. The siltstone has a short quiet period in dry state. There is no calming period in both natural and natural saturated state. The quiet period of porous siltstone and structural basalt is short in general. 3) the three kinds of rock rupture are caused by the great rupture, and the microfracture is only the inductive factor. 4) all the three kinds of rocks are suitable to display their infrared radiation characteristics with the highest radiation temperature, and the convergence of infrared radiation characteristics of the same rock increases with the increase of water content. 5) the infrared index of dry siltstone and natural granite accords with the first order curve, the infrared index of dry, natural basalt and dried granite accords with quadratic curve, the infrared index of natural siltstone accords with Fourier series equation; The infrared exponent curves of naturally saturated siltstone, granite and basalt are complex, but their tendency is obvious, and the characteristic of infrared index deviating from curve trend indicates that rock is about to be destroyed. 6) the prediction accuracy and accuracy can be improved by combining the three methods of rock catastrophe prediction with mechanics, acoustic emission and infrared index. The characteristics of acoustic emission, infrared radiation and their relationships during rock failure and instability are studied. The effects of water on the characteristics of acoustic emission and infrared radiation during rock rupture and instability can be used to monitor mine and rock engineering disasters. Early warning provides theoretical and technical basis.
【学位授予单位】：河北联合大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU45

【参考文献】