临街高层住宅自然通风隔声窗的隔声机理及构造研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 03:01

本文选题：交通噪声　切入点：高层住宅　出处：《太原理工大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国社会经济的发展和城镇化的推进,城市声环境的现状每况愈下。交通噪声对居民的生活和工作均带来了严重影响,临街高层住宅受到的噪声干扰更加严重,而且难以控制。临街高层住宅由于其层数多、高度大、噪声声压级高,从技术上采用传统的绿化降噪、声屏障降噪等均不太理想,对临街高层住宅的外窗隔声更是如此。采用目前的通风隔声窗进行隔声处理的时候,经常由于隔声窗的条件限制,产生了无法开窗通风、通风效果不明显、机械设备二次噪声干扰和造价过高等问题。本文针对人居环境的具体要求和城市规划的特点,对隔声窗的原理、声屏障的原理、住宅的通风要求和窗户的构造原理进行深入分析后,选用凸窗类型,对其顶部进行开口进行通风使用,并选用小型声屏障进行开口处的声衰减处理。经过理论上的分析计算和试验室实验,对各项计算和测试的数据进行统计与曲线分析后,取得了以下进展： (1)结合我国城市发展现状和人居声环境要求,对城市噪声类型进行分析,总结了影响临街高层住宅的两种主要噪声声源类型为点声源和线声源,并对其进行分别研究,从而明确了本次研究的具体对象。 (2)对隔声窗的隔声原理和声屏障的衍射原理进行分析,总结出其各自的降噪特点,对凸窗顶部开口并附加小型声屏障的方法进行理论分析,得出适合其理论研究的计算公式,并结合点声源和线声源两种噪声类型的特点,选择适合各自特点的计算公式,从中得出了此类研究的具体方法。 (3)对顶部开口凸窗进行附加小型声屏障后的理论计算,并对计算结果进行数据统计和曲线图分析总结,得出了在不同层高、不同频率下的噪声衰减趋势,并进行对比分析,为临街高层住宅的新型自然通风隔声窗提供了有效性分析和选择依据。 (4)对顶部开口凸窗附加小型声屏障进行消声试验室实验,通过对实验测试数据的统计分析与对比分析,证明了这种隔声原理能够完整实现传统隔声窗的隔声效果。 (5)在证明其隔声有效性后,结合窗户的构造原理,对新型的自然通风隔声窗进行构造条件分析和限定,总结了此类窗户的使用条件和选型原则。同时,通过住宅自然通风的有关要求进行计算分析,证明了本次研究在实现其隔声要求的前提下,也能够很好解决住宅各个居室进行自然通风的需要。本文的研究具有理论意义和社会经济意义,能够解决目前我国临街高层住宅的实际问题,可望推广到饱受噪声干扰的各个大城市的具体建设中去。
[Abstract]:With the development of our country's social economy and the advancement of urbanization, the present situation of urban sound environment is getting worse and worse. The traffic noise has brought serious influence to the residents' life and work, and the noise interference of the high-rise residential buildings near the street is even more serious. And it is difficult to control. Because of its many storeys, high height and high noise pressure, the traditional greening and noise reduction and noise reduction by noise barrier are not ideal. This is especially true for the outside windows of high-rise residential buildings facing the street. When the current ventilation sound insulation windows are used for sound insulation treatment, often due to the condition of the sound insulation windows, it is impossible to open the windows, and the ventilation effect is not obvious. According to the specific requirements of human settlement environment and the characteristics of urban planning, the principle of sound window, the principle of sound barrier, and the principle of sound barrier are discussed in this paper. After deep analysis of the ventilation requirements and the construction principle of windows, the convex window type is selected for ventilation at the top of the building. The small noise barrier is used to deal with the sound attenuation at the opening. After theoretical analysis and laboratory experiment, the statistical and curve analysis of the data of each calculation and test are carried out, and the following progress is made:. 1) according to the present situation of urban development in China and the requirements of residential sound environment, this paper analyzes the types of urban noise, and summarizes that the two main types of noise sources are point sound source and line sound source, and studies them separately. Thus, the specific object of this study is clarified. (2) the principle of sound insulation and the diffraction principle of sound barrier are analyzed, and their respective characteristics of noise reduction are summarized. The theoretical analysis of the method of the top opening of the convex window and the addition of small noise barrier is carried out, and the calculation formula suitable for its theoretical research is obtained. Combining the characteristics of two kinds of noise types: point sound source and line sound source, the calculation formula suitable for each characteristic is selected, and the concrete method of this kind of research is obtained. (3) the theoretical calculation of the small noise barrier attached to the top opening convex window is carried out, and the results are analyzed and summarized by data statistics and curve analysis, and the trend of noise attenuation at different height and frequency is obtained, and the results are compared and analyzed. It provides an effective analysis and selection basis for the new type of natural ventilation sound insulation window of the high-rise residential building facing the street. (4) the experiment of adding a small noise barrier to the top convex window is carried out. Through the statistical analysis and comparative analysis of the experimental data, it is proved that this sound insulation principle can completely realize the sound insulation effect of the traditional sound insulation window. 5) after proving its sound insulation effectiveness, combined with the principle of window construction, this paper analyzes and limits the construction conditions of the new type of natural ventilation sound insulation window, summarizes the use conditions and selection principles of this kind of window, at the same time, Through the calculation and analysis of the requirements of natural ventilation in residential buildings, it is proved that this study can also solve the needs of natural ventilation in every living room under the premise of meeting the requirements of sound insulation. The research in this paper is of theoretical and social economic significance and can solve the practical problems of high-rise residential buildings on the street in our country at present. It is expected to be extended to the concrete construction of large cities which suffer from noise interference.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU228;TU112.41

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