旋挖钻机特种钻具的开发与动态仿真分析

发布时间：2018-03-04 03:31

本文选题：旋挖钻机　切入点：扭振式钻斗　出处：《东北石油大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前在桩工机械领域，旋挖钻机因其高效、环保、适应性强等优势，在国家城市、铁路、公路建设中长期占据重要地位。现有旋挖钻机钻具种类繁多，施工方案以采用扭转钻具，挂载潜孔锤等破岩工具为主，然而存在施工效率低、成本高等缺陷。因此，本文旨在提出钻进效率高、成本低廉的钻具解决方案，针对软石层为代表的地层开发新型扭振式钻斗，最终在液压激振器的带动下，钻斗具备振动和扭转的双重功能，对于软岩层具有高效的掘进和成孔能力。首先，基于振动发生机理的分析，对不同钻具的掘进及其破岩效果进行了比较，总结了扭振式钻斗“冲击-回转”破岩方式的高效性与可行性，为本文特种钻具的应用夯实了理论基础。其次，结合三维实体模型，进一步阐述了液压扭振式钻斗的整体结构与核心组成部件，运用液压联动控制与液压容积调速方式，，提出了液压卷盘与钻斗升降动作匹配的改装控制方案，提高工作效率的同时避免了误操作造成的伤害。再次，分析了配挂扭振式钻斗旋挖钻机的施工步骤和工作原理，并模拟了该钻斗在实际应用中可能遇到的问题。同时对钻机及内部液压系统进行了局部改良，以模块化理念建立了相应改良模块。钻机经过改良之后，可配挂扭振式钻斗并完全发挥其施工特点。最后，针对钻斗切削岩土的受力情况建立了数学模型，应用ABAQUS软件动态仿真分析了钻齿振动切削岩层的效果，以及对扭振式钻斗的激振器偏心块、减振器的减振弹簧和伞齿轮等核心部件进行了有限元分析，并结合云图与曲线图论证了设计的合理性与可行性。
[Abstract]:At present, rotary drilling rig plays an important role in the construction of national cities, railways and highways because of its advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and strong adaptability in the field of piling machinery. There are many kinds of drilling tools for rotary drilling rigs. The main methods of construction are twisting drilling tools and downhole hammer, but there are some defects such as low construction efficiency and high cost. Therefore, this paper aims to put forward a new drilling tool solution with high drilling efficiency and low cost. A new type of torsional vibration drill bucket is developed for the stratum represented by soft rock layer. Finally, driven by hydraulic vibration exciter, the drill bucket has the dual functions of vibration and torsion, and it has high efficiency in driving and forming holes for soft rock formation. Firstly, based on the analysis of the mechanism of vibration, this paper compares the tunneling and rock breaking effect of different drilling tools, and summarizes the high efficiency and feasibility of the "percussion-rotary" rock breaking mode of torsional vibratory drill bucket. The theoretical basis for the application of special drilling tools in this paper is laid down. Secondly, combined with the three-dimensional solid model, the integral structure and core components of the hydraulic torsional vibration drill bucket are further expounded, and the hydraulic linkage control and hydraulic volumetric speed regulation mode are used. The modification control scheme of matching the hydraulic reel with the lifting action of the drill bucket is put forward to improve the working efficiency and avoid the harm caused by the misoperation. Thirdly, the construction procedure and working principle of rotary drilling rig with torsional vibration are analyzed, and the problems that may be encountered in practical application are simulated. At the same time, the local improvement of drilling rig and internal hydraulic system is carried out. With the idea of modularization, the corresponding improved module is established. After the improvement, the drilling rig can be matched with the torsional vibration drill bucket and give full play to its construction characteristics. Finally, the mathematical model of cutting rock and soil with drill bucket is established, and the effect of cutting rock layer with vibration of drilling teeth and the eccentric block of exciter of torsional bucket are analyzed by using ABAQUS software. The vibration absorber spring and bevel gear are analyzed by finite element method, and the rationality and feasibility of the design are proved by using cloud diagram and curve diagram.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU67

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