建筑业环境影响测算与评价方法研究
发布时间:2018-03-04 17:15
本文选题:建筑业 切入点:环境影响 出处:《清华大学》2014年博士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:在快速城镇化和工业化发展的大背景下,我国建筑业发展迅速,但建筑业也面临着削减资源消耗和污染排放的巨大压力。研究建筑业环境影响的测算与评价,对更好地控制建筑业环境影响具有积极意义。首先,将建筑业环境影响研究的系统边界界定为完全环境影响,包括直接环境影响和间接环境影响,分别代表了建筑业本身和建筑业关联产业的环境影响。构建了建筑业环境影响测算与评价的框架。其次,构建了投入产出生命周期评价模型(IO-LCA),改进了基于投入产出的混合生命周期评价模型(IO-HLCA),用于测算建筑业环境影响。在IO-HLCA模型中,提出了基于敏感性分析的重要能量路径分离方法,编写了Matlab计算程序,与已有的结构路径法相比大大提高了计算效率。应用IO-HLCA模型测算了建筑业能耗与CO2排放,并将其结果与过程LCA和IO-LCA模型进行了对比,证明了IO-HLCA模型保证了完整的边界,提高了计算结果的准确性和可靠性。此外,应用IO-LCA和过程LCA测算了其他环境影响。再次,构建了完全结构分解模型,将环境影响的主要因素划分为列昂惕夫效应、强度效应、治理效应和终端需求效应,分别代表了广义技术因素、环境强度、治理活动和建筑业规模等因素对环境影响的作用。实证分析了各环境影响的主要因素。最后,应用基于市场价格的净价法和虚拟治理成本法估计了环境影响的货币化权重,进行了加权评价,进一步用污染扣减指数和相对“脱钩”与“复钩”概念分析模型分析了建筑业环境经济协同发展水平。结果显示:建筑业环境影响主要来自于间接环境影响,但直接环境影响所占比例呈提高趋势;能源占总环境影响的比例最高,其次是气候变暖;直接环境影响对固体废弃物和土地占用占据绝对比例,对大气悬浮颗粒物、其他资源和水也有一定影响;间接环境影响对气候变暖、酸化、光化学烟雾、富营养化、水体毒性和化石能源等环境影响的贡献占绝对比例,对大气悬浮颗粒物、其他资源和水资源的贡献也占大部分比例;总环境影响对能源的权重最敏感,其次是CO2和水的权重;建筑业环境经济效率呈提升态势,处于弱“脱钩”状态。
[Abstract]:Under the background of rapid urbanization and industrialization development, the construction industry in China is developing rapidly, but the construction industry is also facing the great pressure of reducing resource consumption and pollution emissions. First of all, the system boundary of environmental impact research in construction industry is defined as complete environmental impact, including direct environmental impact and indirect environmental impact. It represents the environmental impact of the construction industry itself and the related industry of the construction industry, and constructs the framework of the environmental impact measurement and evaluation of the construction industry. Secondly, An input-output life cycle evaluation model (IO-LCAA) is constructed, and an input-output hybrid life-cycle evaluation model (IO-HLCAA) is improved to measure the environmental impact of construction industry. In the IO-HLCA model, an important energy path separation method based on sensitivity analysis is proposed. Compared with the existing structural path method, the Matlab calculation program is written, and the calculation efficiency is greatly improved. The energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the construction industry are calculated by using the IO-HLCA model, and the results are compared with the process LCA and IO-LCA models. It is proved that the IO-HLCA model guarantees the complete boundary and improves the accuracy and reliability of the calculation results. In addition, other environmental impacts are measured by using IO-LCA and process LCA. Thirdly, the complete structure decomposition model is constructed. The main factors of environmental impact are divided into the Leontiff effect, the intensity effect, the governance effect and the end demand effect, which represent the generalized technical factors and the environmental intensity, respectively. Finally, the paper estimates the monetization weight of environmental impact by using net price method based on market price and virtual governance cost method. The weighted evaluation was carried out, and the pollution deduction index and the conceptual analysis model of relative "decoupling" and "complex hook" were used to analyze the environmental and economic synergistic development level of the construction industry. The results showed that the environmental impact of the construction industry mainly came from the indirect environmental impact. However, the proportion of direct environmental impact is increasing; the proportion of energy to total environmental impact is the highest, followed by climate warming; the direct environmental impact occupies an absolute proportion of solid waste and land occupation, and it has an effect on suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere. Other resources and water also have a certain impact; indirect environmental effects contribute to the environmental effects of climate warming, acidification, photochemical smog, eutrophication, water toxicity and fossil energy, and contribute to atmospheric suspended particulates, The contribution of other resources and water resources also accounts for the majority; the total environmental impact is the most sensitive to the weight of energy, followed by the weight of CO2 and water; the environmental and economic efficiency of the construction industry is in a weak "decoupling" state.
【学位授予单位】:清华大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:F426.92
【参考文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 曹新颖;产业化住宅与传统住宅建设环境影响评价及比较研究[D];清华大学;2012年
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