东北严寒地区村镇住宅院落声环境研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 12:27

本文选题：严寒地区　切入点：村镇住宅　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：院落被誉为住宅的露天“起居室”。对于农村住宅而言,院落既是生产劳动的场所,又是交流情感的空间,同时也是抵御外部侵扰的屏障。随着村镇建设的繁荣和城乡交通的发达,村镇的噪声污染问题日渐凸显,沿街住宅的院落声环境不容乐观,但是,这一问题并未引起人们的充分重视。新农村建设中,如何营造舒适、安静、健康的院落声环境是亟待解决的重要课题。本文选取6处东北寒地典型村镇作为研究对象,从实地调查入手,引入“扎根理论”的质性研究方法,结合主观问卷调查与客观实地测试及模拟分析,从定性与定量两方面系统全面地对东北寒地村镇住宅院落声环境进行了深入研究,并提出相应的设计策略。本文首先借助扎根理论,就院落声环境主观感受方面的问题,对村镇居民展开半结构式访谈。通过对36份访谈数据的逐级编码分析,归纳提取出6个主范畴,从而构建出了村镇院落声环境主观评价的影响因素模型。在理论模型的指导下,对典型村镇进行问卷调查和实地测试,获得401份有效问卷。对受访者的个体特征、院落声舒适及满意度评价、院落声舒适影响因素、院内与道路声压级实测数据、主观声舒适与等效声级的相关性进行了统计分析,全面掌握了村镇院落声环境的现状及特点。在对院落类型进行归纳总结的基础上,选取4个典型院落进行了定点测试及模拟验证。然后利用有效模型模拟分析了在交通噪声作用下院落进深、建筑布局形式、院墙高度等因素对院落声环境的影响。发现房屋面朝道路布置时,前院进深在9m以上,或沿街布置一排房屋,或砖砌院墙高度在1.8以上,均可使院落内部声环境得到明显改善。最后对院落声环境进行了优化设计。从宏观的村镇住宅规划、院落布局优化到降噪措施的选用,提出了全方位的院落噪声治理方法。通过水景、绿化和室外活动设施的设计,增添令人愉悦的自然声和人为声,营造出自然舒适的院落声景观。从噪声控制和声景营造两方面,为寒地村镇住宅院落声环境设计提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:The courtyard is known as the open-air "living room" of the residence. For the rural residence, the courtyard is not only the place where labor is produced, but also the space for exchanging feelings. With the prosperity of the construction of villages and towns and the development of urban and rural traffic, the problem of noise pollution in villages and towns is becoming increasingly prominent, and the sound environment of residential buildings along the street is not optimistic, however, In the construction of new countryside, how to create a comfortable, quiet and healthy sound environment is an important task to be solved urgently. This paper selects 6 typical villages and towns in the northeast cold region as the research object. Starting with the field investigation, this paper introduces the qualitative research method of "rooted theory", combines subjective questionnaire survey, objective field test and simulation analysis. In this paper, the sound environment of residential buildings in northeast cold region is studied in detail from both qualitative and quantitative aspects, and the corresponding design strategies are put forward. First of all, with the help of the theory of taking root, this paper discusses the subjective feeling of the sound environment in the cold areas of Northeast China. The semi-structured interviews were carried out on the residents of villages and towns. Through the coding analysis of 36 interview data, 6 main categories were abstracted, and a model of influencing factors of subjective evaluation of the sound environment in villages and towns was constructed. Under the guidance of the theoretical model, A questionnaire survey and a field test were conducted in typical villages and towns, 401 valid questionnaires were obtained. The individual characteristics of the interviewees, the evaluation of the comfort and satisfaction of the courtyard sound, the influencing factors of the courtyard sound comfort, and the measured data of the in-hospital and road sound pressure levels were analyzed. The correlation between subjective sound comfort and equivalent sound level is statistically analyzed, and the present situation and characteristics of the sound environment in villages and towns are fully grasped. On the basis of summing up the types of the courtyard, the author makes a statistical analysis of the correlation between the subjective sound comfort and the equivalent sound level. Four typical compounds are selected for fixed-point test and simulation verification. Then the effective model is used to simulate and analyze the depth of the compound and the layout of the building under the action of traffic noise. The influence of factors such as the height of the courtyard wall on the sound environment of the courtyard. It is found that when the house faces toward the road, the front yard is deeper than 9 m, or a row of houses is arranged along the street, or the height of the brick courtyard wall is above 1.8, In the end, the sound environment of the courtyard is optimized. From the macro planning of the village house, the layout optimization of the courtyard to the choice of noise reduction measures, Through the design of waterscape, greening and outdoor activity facilities, the pleasant natural sound and artificial sound are added to create the natural and comfortable sound landscape of the courtyard. From the aspects of noise control and sound scene construction, this paper puts forward a comprehensive method of noise control in courtyard. It provides a reference for the design of sound environment of residential buildings in cold area.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU112

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