城市公园景观空间结构对其热环境效应的影响

发布时间：2018-03-08 07:43

本文选题：热岛效应　切入点：城市公园　出处：《生态学报》2014年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：热岛效应是快速城市化进程中最具代表性的生态环境问题之一。以绿地和水体为主体的城市公园所形成的"城市冷岛"是缓解城市热岛效应和改善城市热环境的有效途径。研究选取北京市城区24个公园为研究对象,利用landsat-5 TM遥感影像反演城市地表温度,探讨城市公园内部景观构成、斑块形态和空间布局这3个方面的空间结构特征与其内部温度(Ta)、对周边环境降温的影响范围(Lmax)及降温幅度(ΔTmax)的关系。研究表明:从景观构成来看,Ta、Lmax、ΔTmax与水体面积均呈现显著相关性,是影响公园内外热环境的关键因子;Ta及ΔTmax与公园内绿地面积无显著相关性,而主要受三维绿量和硬质地表比例的影响;与此相反,Lmax与绿量相关性并不显著,但与林地面积呈显著正相关。因此,综合考虑公园内外整体降温效应,应在保证绿地面积达到一定规模的同时,尽量丰富绿地内部空间结构,增大三维绿量;从斑块形态来看,绿地斑块形状越复杂,公园内部温度越低,影响范围越远,而公园外围边界形状与内部温度呈较显著正相关,但对周边热环境的影响并不明显;从空间布局来看,硬质地表分布与Ta、Lmax、ΔTmax均显著相关,其布局越分散,内部温度越低,对周边的影响范围及降温幅度越大;此外,公园林地布局越分散,内部温度越低,影响范围越大,但对ΔTmax影响不明显。在城市公园规划设计中,从缓解城市热岛效应出发,应将公园景观内部的空间结构特征作为重要的考虑因素之一。
[Abstract]:The heat island effect is one of the most representative ecological environmental problems in the rapid urbanization process. The "urban cold island" formed by the urban park with green space and water as the main body is to alleviate the urban heat island effect and improve the urban thermal environment. Effective way. The study selected 24 parks in Beijing urban area as the research object, The landsat-5 TM remote sensing image is used to retrieve the urban surface temperature, and the inner landscape composition of the urban park is discussed. The spatial structure characteristics of patch shape and spatial layout are related to the internal temperature, the influence range of temperature and the amplitude of cooling (螖 Tmax) of the surrounding environment. The results show that: from the view of landscape composition, 螖 Tmax and water area are the same. Showing significant correlation, Ta and 螖 Tmax, which are the key factors affecting the thermal environment inside and outside the park, have no significant correlation with green space area, but are mainly affected by the ratio of three dimensional green quantity and hard surface, on the contrary, the correlation between Lmax and green quantity is not significant. Therefore, considering the overall cooling effect inside and outside the park, we should ensure the green space area to reach a certain scale, at the same time, we should enrich the green space structure as far as possible, and increase the three-dimensional green quantity. The more complex the green patch shape, the lower the temperature inside the park, and the farther the influence range, and the more significant positive correlation between the outer boundary shape of the park and the internal temperature, but the influence on the surrounding thermal environment is not obvious. The distribution of hard land surface is significantly correlated with Tahlmax and 螖 Tmax. The more dispersed the distribution, the lower the internal temperature, and the greater the range of influence and cooling on the surrounding area, in addition, the more scattered the park woodland is, the lower the internal temperature is, and the larger the influence range is. However, the effect on 螖 Tmax is not obvious. In the planning and design of urban parks, in order to alleviate the urban heat island effect, the spatial structure characteristics of the park landscape should be considered as one of the important factors.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室;杭州师范大学遥感与地球科学研究院浙江省城市湿地与区域变化研究重点实验室;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划(216029) 国家基金委创新研究群体科学基金(51121003)
【分类号】：X16;TU986

【相似文献】